Comparative Analysis of the Implementation of E-Procurement in the

Procurement of Goods and Services

Eka Jumarni Fithri

, Lambok Vera Riama

, Sri Hartaty

, Anggeraini Oktarida

Department of Accounting, State Polytechnic of Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia

Keywords: procurement goods/services, e-Procurement

Abstract : The purpose of research writing is to find out the comparison of the level of effectiveness, efficiency,

openness, competitive, transparent, Fair, accountable between before using e-Procurement (manually) and

after using e-Procurement (electronically). This research uses descriptive method with a quantitative

approach. The data used in this study are primary data in the form of questionnaires. The results of the study

show a comparative level of effectiveness, efficiency, openness, competitive, transparent, fair, and

accountable that is significant between the implementation of procurement of goods and services before and

after using e-procurement. The process of procuring government goods and services is more effective,

efficiency, openness, competitive, transparent, fair, and accountable using e-procurement is measured in

terms of needs, costs, time, methods, application of principles, determination of own estimated price,

quality, and has an optimal impact.

1 INTRODUCTION

The process of procuring government goods and

services based on Presidential Regulation number 18

of 2000 provides technical instructions for the

procurement of government goods and services in a

complete and detailed manner. The process of

procuring government goods and services is carried

out in a hidden way or pretending to carry out a

transparent process with the arrangement of insiders

is a practice of corruption, collusion and nepotism.

Communities as beneficiaries in the development

system will bear all losses, both in terms of funds,

time and quality of service. The government as the

state organizer should properly carry out its duties

professionally and maximally in order to achieve

good governance (Martini, Sari, & Wardhani, 2015).

The Government seeks to realize an open and

democratic system of government by increasing and

optimizing public services through policies and

regulations that are effective, efficient and reflect

openness/transparency (Martini, Sari, Maria, &

Thoyib, 2016). According to Presidential Regulation

number 54 of 2010 as contained in Article 5, the

implementation of government procurement of

goods and services contains the following basic

principles: effectiveness, efficiency, openness,

competitiveness, transparent, fair, accountable.

Information technology facilitates human work

so that it becomes more effective and efficient.

Information technology can reduce the number of

leaks in the development budget and improve the

implementation of government programs that are

less effective and efficient. The process of procuring

goods and services that were originally carried out

manually has developed into e-procurement more

effectively and efficiently. The public has the right

to obtain guarantees against freedom of access to

public information.

Information technology if utilized properly by

the government bureaucracy can reduce budget

leakage rates in development and improve the

implementation of government programs that are

less effective and efficient so as to help achieve the

performance of bureaucracy/government agencies

that are transparent, effective, efficient and

accountable. Information technology in the

administration of government towards the creation

of good governance.An open process by using e-

procurement or the process of procurement

electronically (online) through the internet that is

transparent and gets supervision from the public.

The community has the right to obtain guarantees

for access to public information/freedom of

108

Fithri, E., Riama, L., Hartaty, S. and Oktarida, A.

Comparative Analysis of the Implementation of E-Procurement in the Procurement of Goods and Services.

DOI: 10.5220/0009153300002500

In Proceedings of the 2nd Forum in Research, Science, and Technology (FIRST 2018), pages 108-112

ISBN: 978-989-758-574-6; ISSN: 2461-0739

information e-procurement can also improve

efficiency and effectiveness in the procurement of

public goods and services, reduce costs, increase

competition, to guarantee equality of opportunity

and treatment. Procedures for the procurement of

goods/services generally guarantee integrity, public

trust, and transparency in the procedures for

procurement of goods/services.

South Sumatra is one of the provinces in

Indonesia located in the southern part of the island

of Sumatra. The province is rich in natural

resources, such as oil, natural gas and coal. South

Sumatra Province has a governance structure with

43 Regional Device Organizations (OPD) which

have their respective main tasks and functions. The

development administration bureau is a procurement

service unit (ULP), the entire auction mechanism for

the procurement of goods and services carried out by

OPD of the province of South Sumatra must go

through the ULP development administration bureau

of the South Sumatra provincial government.

Formulation of the problem:

1. How is the comparison between the

implementation of effectiveness, efficiency,

openness, competitive, transparent, fair,

accountable for procurement of goods and

services before and after e-procurement to the

government of the province of South Sumatra?

2. Which basic principle is most dominant in the

manual and electronic procurement process (e-

procurement) in the procurement of goods and

services in the South Sumatra provincial

government?

Presidential Regulation number 4 of 2015, E-

Procurement is the procurement of goods/services

carried out using information technology and

electronic transactions in accordance with the

provisions of the legislation. According to the

Presidential Regulation number 54 of 2010 the

procurement of government goods and services

electronically aims:

1. Increase transparency and accountability.

2. Increase market access and fair business

competition.

3. Improve the efficiency of the procurement

process.

4. Support the monitoring and audit process.

5. Meet the need for real time information access.

Presidential Regulation number 70 of 2012

Article 3 concerning the implementation of the

principle of procurement of government goods and

services, among others:

1. Effectiveness

2. Efficiency

3. Openness

4. Compete

5. Transparent

6. Fair

7. Accountable

Based on the description above, it will appear in

the figure 1.

Figure 1: Research paredigm

2 LITERATURE REVIEW AND

HYPOTHESIS DEVELOPMENT

According to Presidential Regulation number 4 of

2015, the electronic procurement or e-procurement

is the procurement goods conducted using

information technology and electronic transactions

in accordance with statutory provisions.

Efficiency of the procurement of goods and

services means that the procurement of goods and

services must use limited funds and power to

achieve the targets set and can be accounted for. The

effectiveness of the procurement of goods and

services means that the procurement of

goods/services must be in accordance with

predetermined needs and provide maximum

benefits, through the best quality, timely delivery,

fulfilled quantities and being able to optimize

work/programs.

Open, means that the procurement of

goods/services can be followed by all suppliers of

goods/services that meet certain

requirements/criteria based on clear provisions and

procedures. Competing means that the procurement

of goods/services must be carried out through fair

competition among goods/services providers that are

equal and meet the requirements, no intervention.

Transparent, which means all the provisions and

information on the procurement of goods/services

are clear and widely known by the provider of the

Comparative Analysis of the Implementation of E-Procurement in the Procurement of Goods and Services

109

goods/services that are interested and society in

general (Martini, Sari, Maria, & Thoyib, 2016).

Fair/not discriminatory, means giving equal

treatment to all prospective providers of

goods/services and does not lead to providing

benefits to certain parties while still observing

national interests. Accountable, means that it must

be in accordance with the rules and provisions

related to the procurement of goods/services, so that

it can be accounted for.

3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This study uses a quantitative research approach

with explanatory research methods. Unit of analysis

selected by the Regional Device Organization

(OPD) in provincial government of South Sumatra.

Primary data in the form of direct interviews and

questionnaires distributed throughout the sample

regarding the implementation of the basic principles

of the implementation of e-procurement process for

the procurement of goods and services in OPD in the

South Sumatra provincial government.

The population in this study OPD of the South

Sumatra provincial government totaled 43. The

sampling technique of this study uses purposive

sampling technique, with the following criteria:

1. Using E-Procurement from 2013 to 2017

2. Procurement Service Unit (ULP) with an auction

process above Rp 200,000,000.00.

3. Having the most value of procurement of goods

and services compared to other Regional Device

Organizations.

4. Status as Electronic Procurement Service

(LPSE).

Based on the criteria obtained 5 samples from 43

OPD in the province of South Sumatra, namely:

1. Development Administration Bureau of the

South Sumatra Provincial Government as a ULP,

2. Government Communications and Information

Agency of South Sumatra Province as LPSE,

3. Public Works Department of Bina Marga and

Spatial South Sumatra Provincial Government,

4. Department of Irrigation Public Works

Government of South Sumatra Province, and

5. Department of Public Works of Cipta Karya of

the Government of South Sumatra Province

whose value of procurement of goods and

services highest compared to other services.

Paired sample t-test is a test method used to

assess the effectiveness of treatment, marked

differences in the average before and on average

after given treatment. Paired sample t-test was used

when data is normally distributed, the Ho/Ha in the

paired sample t-test is:

1. If probability (Asymp.Sig) < 0.05 then Ho is

rejected and Ha is accepted. That is, if the value

of Sig Asymp under 0:05 are significant changes

between the before (pretest) and after (Post test).

2. If probability (Asymp.Sig) > 0.05 then Ho is

accepted and Ha is rejected. That is, if the

Asymp value Sig above 0.05 there is no

significant change between before (pretest) and

after (Postest).

The respondents in this study consisted of:

1. Commitment Making Officer (PPK)

2. Budget User (PA) / Budget User Proxy (KPA)

3. Work Results Recipient Official (PPHP)

4. Electronic Procurement Services (LPSE)

5. Procurement Service Unit (ULP)

Characteristics of respondents based on the

position of KDP amounted to 10 people (32%),

PA/KPA amounted to 5 people (17%), PPHP

amounted to 5 people (17%), LPSE numbered 5

people (17%), and ULP amounted to 5 people (17%

), Meaning that most respondents are PPK.

Respondents who filled out questionnaires were

S2 (Strata 2) educated 25 people (83%) and

respondents who filled the questionnaire had S1

(Strata 1) 5 people (17%), meaning that the majority

of respondents who filled out questionnaires had S2

(Strata 2) education. The working period of

respondents between 10-20 years is 20 people

(67%), and respondents who work between 5-10

years are 10 people (33%). This means that the

majority of respondents working above 10 years

amount to 20 people.

Characteristics of age range, number of

committees, and period using e-procurement, the age

range of respondents ranged from 30 to 51 years, the

number of respondent committee as much as 2 to 10

times for each OPD, and for the use of e-

procurement starting in 2012 throughout OPD in the

province of South Sumatra.

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Result

Test results of the validity of effectiveness,

efficiency, open, competitive, transparent, fair,

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accountable after and before e-procurement, out of a

total of 10 questions stated valid with a greater

calculated r value from r table the average is 0.3494

(significance level 0.05 for df (n-2) = 30). So, it was

concluded that the data in the (valid) research

effective reliability test.

The research will be carried out using a second

measurement of reliability, One Shot or just one

measurement, with the Cronbach's Alpha method ≥

0.70. Cronbach's alpha reliability test results for

variables Effectiveness 0.929, Efficiency 0.925,

Open 0.763, Competing 0.749, Transparent 0.713,

Fair 0.719, Accountable 0.741 so based on the

reliability test results of Cronbach's alpha> 0.70 the

data is reliable and the reliability classification is

very high, because the value of cronbach's alpha is

between 0.8 - 0.9 h rh <1, meaning before and after

e-procurement is reliable, so that all data can be used

as research material.

A data is declared to be normally distributed if

the Asymp Sig (2-tailed) value is calculated by

Kolmogorov-Smirnov ≥ 0.05. Tests for normality

for effectiveness, efficiency, openness,

competitiveness, transparency, fairness/non-

discriminatory, accountable with normal distribution

because based on the normality theory a data is

declared to be normally distributed if the Asymp Sig

(2-tailed) results from Kolmogorov-Smirnov

calculation ≥ 0.05 so that all data it is declared

normal and can be used as research material.

The results of paired sample t-test effectiveness

after and before e-procurement as follows:

1. Correlation of 0.903 or its relationship is strong

and positive, the results of paired sample t-test

after and before e-procurement, that the

calculated t value is -5.681 with a significance

value of 0.000 because the value is below 0.05

means the level of effectiveness after and before

e-procurement is strong and significant.

2. Correlation of 0.986 or its relationship is strong

and positive, the results of paired sample t-test

after and before e-procurement, that the value of

t count is -6.113 with a significance value of

0.000, means the level of effectiveness after and

before e-procurement is strong and significant.

3. The correlation between 0.953 and its

relationship is strong and positive, a summary of

the results of paired sample t-test after and before

e-procurement, that the calculated t value is -

5.884 with a significance value of 0.000,

meaning the level of opening after and before e-

procurement is strong and significant.

4. Correlation of 0.905 is that the relationship is

strong and positive, a summary of the results of

paired sample t-test after and before e-

procurement, that the calculated value is -5.884

with a significance value of 0.000, that the level

of competing after and before e-procurement is

strong and significant

5. Correlation 0.865 or the relationship is strong

and positive, a summary of the results of paired

sample t-test after and before e-procurement, that

the calculated t value is -51.150 with a

significance value of 0.000 is below 0.05

meaning the level of transfaran after and before

e-procurement is strong and significant.

6. Correlation of 0.757 or the relationship is strong

and positive, a summary of the results of paired

sample t-test after and before e-procurement, that

the calculated value is equal to -60.217 with a

significance value of 0.000, means the level of

opening after and before e-procurement is strong

and significant.

7. The correlation of 0.943 is strong and positive, a

summary of the paired sample results after and

before e-procurement test, that the calculated t

value is -5,884 with a significance value of 0.000

meaning the level of opening after and before e-

procurement is strong and significant.

4.2 Discussion

Score effectiveness, efficiency, openness,

competitive, transparent, fair, accountable after

using e-procurement is greater than before using e-

procurement. That is, the implementation of

procurement of goods and services using e-

procurement is more effectiveness, efficiency,

openness, competitive, transparent, fair, accountable

compared manually or before using e-procurement

measured by the best quality question indicators, it

can be seen that when implementing before using e-

procurement is smaller than after using e-

procurement, meaning that there is a significant

change in the best quality question indicator.

Indicators of timely questions, optimal impact, it

can be seen that filling out questionnaires after using

dominant e-procurement has a score greater than

before using e-procurement, meaning that there is a

significant change in the question indicator on time,

for quantity indicators fulfilled, can It is seen that

filling out the questionnaire when after using

dominant e-procurement has a score greater than

before using e-procurement, meaning that the

Comparative Analysis of the Implementation of E-Procurement in the Procurement of Goods and Services

111

quantity question indicator is fulfilled also has

increased after using e-procurement

The presence of information technology ideally

facilitates various human jobs so that the work done

can be more effective and efficient. E-Procurement

can also increase effectiveness, efficiency, open,

competitive, transparent, fair, accountable in

procuring goods and services, reducing costs,

increasing competition, to guarantee equal

opportunities and treatment. In general, the aim is to

ensure integrity, public trust and transparency in the

procedures for procuring general goods/services.

5 CONCLUSION

Implementation of electronic procurement (e-

procurement) more effectiveness, efficiency,

openness, competitive, transparent, fair, accountable

in terms of cost, time, risk, quality, quantity and

energy compared to manually or before using e-

procurement is evident from the results of filling out

questionnaires by respondents in this study. Theories

that support these results, and conformity in

accordance with the principles set out in Presidential

Regulation number 54 of 2010 concerning

procurement of government goods and services. The

most dominant efficiency in the process of

procurement manually and electronically (e-

procurement) in the process of procurement of goods

and services in the provincial government of South

Sumatra.

In this study there are also limitations that not all

populations in the study are sampled due to lack of

data availability so that they do not become a sample

of research and research is limited to the

governments in South Sumatra Province.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Thanks to the OPD in the province of South

Sumatra, namely: Development Administrative

Bureau, the Office of Communication and

Information, the Office of Public Works Highways

and Spatial Planning, the Office of Water Resources

General, the Office of Public Works Copyright of

the Government of South Sumatra Province.

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