Analysis of Levels Carbohydrate and Nitrogen Ratio Salak

Sidimpuan Leaves (Salacca Sumatrana Becc.) on Two Different

Flowering Periods

Rasmita Adelina

, Irfan Suliansyah

, Auzar Syarief

, Warnita

Faculty of Agriculture, Graha Nusantara University. Jl. Dr. Sutomo No. 14 Padangsidimpuan 22 718, North Sumatra.

Program Studies Agriculture Sciences, Graduate Program, Andalas University Padang

Keywords: Carbohydrat and Nitrogen Ratio. Leaves, Salak Sidimpuan, Flowering Period

Abstract: This study aims to determine the ratio of Carbohydrate and Nitrogen Ratios In Flowering Period from June

to September 2016 and Flowering Period from January to April 2017 at Sidimpuan Salak Leaves (Salacca

sumatrana Becc) .This research was conducted in Palopat Maria Village, Padang Sidimpuan Hutaimbaru

Subdistrict, The city of Padang sidimpuan. and Carbohydrate and Nitrogen Nutrient Analysis at the University

of Andalas Padang Soil and Plant Laboratory. The method used in this research is survey and purposive

sampling. To know the ratio ratio of Carbohydrate and Nitrogen Leaves of Salak Sidimpuan In Two periog

of Flowering by analyzed using SPSS with independent t-test. The results showed that the ratio of

Carbohydrate and Nitrogen Ratios was higher in the Flowering Period from January to April with an average

of 44,809 while the June to September period averaged 29,032.

1 INTODUCTION

Salak sidimpuan is one of the most famous fruit on

the island of Sumatra and even the island of Java.

Salak Sidimpuan spread almost in all subdistricts in

Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan. This salak began

cultivated since 1930 in District West Angkola.

Salaknya flavor is famous for the taste of spicy,

sweet, slightly sour, or a mixture of flavor and aroma

of taste and taste different from salak pondoh and bali

salak and have different color characteristic that is red

or also called salak narara (salak sidimpuan red) and

there is barking nabontar (salak sidimpuan putih) and

Salak Sibakkua (Kaputra, 2006).

Salak is included in the family palmae that blooms

throughout the year like coconut. However, in reality

the harvest season only reaches twice a year ie harvest

(January-February) from the flowering of October

and moderate harvest (July-August) from the

flowering of April, even more frequent harvest only

once a year harvest (Rai, et al. 2010).

One of the causal factors affecting the production

of salak fruit sidimpuan is the unsuccessful interest

developed into fruit (fruit-set failure). Differences in

nutrient status such as nitrogen, Posfor, Potassium

and the ratio of carbohydrates and nitrogen in the

leaves, are internal factors that affect the failure of the

fruit set. N, P and K nutrient elements are the main

nutrients used to promote the growth, production and

quality of fruit trees. External factors such as rainfall,

temperature, humidity, soil soil levels also influence

the integration of the fruit set.

One of the triggers of the fruit set is the

accumulation of carbohydrates produced by

photosynthesis that is stored as a plant food reserve,

Balance ratio of Nitrogen Carbohydrates will

determine the balance of vegetative and generative

phases. Higher amounts of nitrogen or a smaller ratio

of Nitrogen Carbohydrates will keep plants in the

vegetative phase of course will have problems in the

flowering process and conception is imminent.

However, carbohydrate values that are too high

without being offset by sufficient nitrogen amount

will cause plant death or will not bear fruit the

following season (Endah, 2008). The high ratio of the

Nitrogen and Carbohydrate has driven the plant

towards a generative development

Based on the description above it is necessary to

do research on studies of Analysis of level

Carbohydrate and Nitrogen Ratios Leaf Salak

Sidimpuan (Salacca sumatrana Becc) In Two

Different Flowering Periode.

Adelina, R., Suliansyah, I., Syarief, A. and Warnita, .

Analysis of Levels Carbohydrate and Nitrogen Ratio Salak Sidimpuan Leaves (Salacca sumatrana Becc.) on Two Different Flowering Periods.

DOI: 10.5220/0010042503310334

In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference of Computer, Environment, Agriculture, Social Science, Health Science, Engineering and Technology (ICEST 2018), pages 331-334

ISBN: 978-989-758-496-1

331

2 MATERIAL AND METHODS

This research has been conducted in Palopat Maria

Village, Padangsidimpuan Hutaimbaru Subdistrict,

Padangsidimpuan City, from January to April 2017,

and Analysis of Carbohydrate and Nitrogen

Nutritional content was done at Andalas University

Laboratory of Padang. The flowering period of June

Up to September has been done in Harahap (2016).

The tools used in this research are: oven, scale,

Flame Emission Spectrophometer (FES), meter,

stationery, knife, camera, sign board, research sample

label and other materials supporting this research.

The material used is the leaf of salak sidimpuan plant.

This research has been done by purposive

sampling method, analysis of nutrient nitrogen and

carbohydrate is done to the leaves with the following

criteria are : DI (Leaf on the open midrib), DII

(Leaves on the midrib there are flowers) and DIII (

leaf on the midrib which is there are fruits).

The ratio analysis of nitrogen and carbohydrate

two flowering periode is analyzed using Independent

Test sample T-test. Method of analysis To see the

nutrient content, ratio of Nitrogen Carbohydrate and

to the flowering of salak was analyzed by T-Test.

Test t for different variants (unequal variance)

using manual formula Separated Variance below :

𝑡

𝑋





𝑋







𝑆





𝑛





𝑆



𝑛



Note:

𝑛



: Number of samples in flowering period from June to

September

𝑛



: Number of samples in flowering period January –

April

𝑋





: Average sample during flowering period June

- September

𝑋





: Average sample during the January-April flowering

period

𝑆





: Sample variance during flowering period June

- September

𝑆



: Sample variance in flowering period January-April

The null hypothesis is rejected if the t ratio or the

result of the analysis goes beyond the critical point (t

an.> T table). If the production and the large sugar

content the null hypothesis is rejected if p value

<alpha is set (Sarwono, 2006)

The research parameters were: ratio of

carbohydrate and nitrogen leaf and production on one

periode flowering (kg).

3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

3.1 Production of Salak Sidimpuan

(Kg)

Production of Salak Sidempuan On Two Season of

Flowering Through the result of observation of

average production of salak sidimpuan on 10 plants

sample of salak sidimpuan salak can be seen in Table

Table 1. Average Salak Salak production in June Up to

September 2016 and Salimp Sidimpuan Salak Production

Rate from January to April 2017 (kg).

Production

Juni- Sept

Production

Jan-April

1 2.8 3.5

4.7

2 4.4

3 4.6 5.2

1.3

4 2.4

5 4.4 4.6

3.8 6 2.5

7 3.7 5.7

4.7 8 4.6

9 3.5 3.8

6.4 10 3.6

Avera

e 3.65 4.37

Average production of salak Sidimpuan on

flowering periode June to September that is: 3.65 kg.

While in January to April that is 4.37 kg. The average

production of salak plants in January Up to April is

higher than the average production of salak from June

to September. This condition is in line with the fact

that the ratio of Nitrogen Carbohydrate to Salak

plants in January to April is higher than the ratio of

Nitrogen Carbohydrate from June to September (table

2). According to the study of Liferdi et al. (2005)

found that the ratio of carbohydrate and nitrogen to

four rambutan varieties increased sharply from the

vegetative phase ranging from 0.85 to 0.90 and

towards the generative phase (fruit formation)

ranging from 1.03 to 1.27. The high ratio of Nitrogen

Carbohydrate has encouraged the plant towards

generative development. 3% glucose content both for

flowering and fruit formation process (Diah, 2012).

3.2 Results Analysis of Carbohydrate

and Nitrogen Ratios Leaf Salak

Sidimpuan

Carbohydrate and Nitrogen ratio analysis on leaf

tissue of salak sidimpuan with leaf criteria that is

ICEST 2018 - 3rd International Conference of Computer, Environment, Agriculture, Social Science, Health Science, Engineering and

Technology

332

midrib fully open leaves of leaf (DI), leaf on the

midrib which is there are flowers (DII) and leaf on the

midrib which is there is fruit (DIII) can be seen in

table 2 below.

Table 2. Average Carbohydrate Ratio, Nitrogen Flaring

Results In Flowering Periode June-September 2016 and

January-April 2017.

Leaf

Criteria

Juni-Sept 2016

(%)

Jan - April 2017

(%)

D I 31.614 46.489

D II 24.330 35.626

D III 17.020 52.563

Total 29.203 44.809

Based on table 2, it can be seen that the result of

average analysis of ratio of Carbohydrate, highest

Nitrogen In flowering season of January-April 2017

is highest in type of leaf of DIII( Leaves on the midrib

there are fruit) 52.563% and the lowest is in DII leaf

type (Leaves on the midrib there are flowers) is

35.626%.

Ratio C / N imbalances can disrupt vegetative

phases (developmental periods of roots, stems and

leaves) and the generative phase (the time of flower

and fruit formation) of plants. High C / N ratio will

encourage rapid flowering and fruit formation.

(Liferdi et al., 2000). This is seen in table 2 C / N ratio

of the highest obtained on DIII is the leaves of the

stem which in the armpits there were fruits.

Based on rainfall data, high production in

flowering periode January to April is caused by high

intensity of precipitation in September, so the

production of salak during flowering period of

January to April is higher that is 4.37. According

Sofyan et. al (2002), states that water for plants is one

of the main ingredients to increase the rate of

photosynthesis. The presence of water is required in

the nitrogenase process. The high rainfall then the

process of nirogenase in leaf cells run smoothly so as

to support the process of flowering and fruit set in

salak plants. The availability of essential elements

such as the N elements that are part of the protein, the

enzyme of the biological catalyst agent helps the

formation of leaf chlorophyll.

Table 3. Independent T Test Analysis Results Carbohydrate

and Nitrogen Ratio In two flowering periode

Description

Juni-

September

2016

Januari-

April 2017

Number of sample

(N)

30 30

Average

Carbohydrate and

NitrogenRatio (%)

29.023 44.809

Signifikansi : 0.000< 0.05

t-count : 5.176

t-tabel

(0.05,28)

: 2.048

Comparation : 0.220- 9.492 %

Note : * (significant)

Based on the results of the independent t-test test

obtained a significance value of 0.000 (<0.05) which

means there is a significant difference between

Flowering June to September 2016 with the flowering

period January-April 2017. T-count value obtained

for 5.176larger than t-table (0.05,28) = 2.048 which

means RI (Average Nitrogen Carbohydrate Ratio In

June of June) rejected and R II (Average

Carbohydrate Ratio in January April 2017) accepted

which means tested statistically average

Carbohydrate ratio, Nitrogen Leaf of salak Sidimpuan

in Flowering from January to April 2017 is higher,

significantly different from the ratio of Carbohydrate,

Nitrogen in flowering period June to September 2016.

This is caused by external factors such as

temperature, humidity With the knowing change of

ratio of Carbohydrate, Nitrogen from each phase

growth, allowing for flowering arrangements outside

the seasons through cultivation manipulation

(Pidkowich et al., 1999).

Environmental factors will affect the

physiological processes in plants. All physiological

processes will be affected by temperature and some

processes will depend on light. Optimum temperature

is required for plants to be utilized as well as possible

by plants. Temperatures that are too high will inhibit

the growth of plants will even be able to cause death

for plants, and vice versa too low temperature (Sarief,

1984).

The existence of the nitrogen element is also very

important especially in relation to the formation of

chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is considered as a

"machine" of plants because it is able to synthesize

carbohydrates that will support plant growth. The

presence of nitrogen in the structure of plants is

influenced by several factors, especially the

availability of water, nutrients in the soil, especially

Analysis of Levels Carbohydrate and Nitrogen Ratio Salak Sidimpuan Leaves (Salacca sumatrana Becc.) on Two Different Flowering

Periods

333

nitrogen.Intensitas of light affects the activity of

photosynthesis. To form chlorophyll, a high enough

ATP (energy) is needed and for the assimilation of

CO2 is also required enzyme which is largely protein

(Liferdi et al, 2005).

4 CONCLUSION

Carbohydrate Ratio, Nitrogen flowering periode June-

September 2016 is 29.203 while in the flowering periode

January-April 2017 is 44.809. Based on the results of t

test analysis, the ratio of carbohydrate and nitrogen

flowering period of January to April 2017 was

significantly different with the ratio of carbohydrate and

nitrogen perode flowering June to September 2016

The highest carbohydrate and nitrogen ratio is

obtained in the flowering periode of January-April 2017,

which is 44,809 where the highest value is at D III

(Leaves of the armpits there were fruits) 52,563 and the

lowest in D II (Leaves of there were flowers) that is

35.626.

Based on the results of observations in this study The

average production of salak flowering period of January-

April 2017 is higher than the average production of salak

in the period of flowering from June to September 2016.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This research is part of dissertation research with

topics of application of off season production

technique on salak Sidimpuan plant to be fruitful

throughout the year. We said thank you very much to

the nutrient analysis team in the laboratory of the

majors of the Land Faculty of Agriculture University

Andalas Padang and research team students of

University Graha Nusantara Padangsidimpuan.

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Technology

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