The Effects of Tourism Event on Economic Growth in Surakarta

Dicky Sumarsono

1,3,4

, Putut Suharso

1,2

and Sarbini

Postgraduate Program in Cultural Studies, Sebelas Maret University, Ir. Sutarmi 36A Street, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia

Departement of Library Science, Diponegoro University, Prof. H. Soedarto SH Street, Semarang 50275 Indonesia

Azana Hotels & Resorts, Honggowongso 57 Street, Honggowongso Square A8, Surakarta 57151, Indonesia

Victoria Hotel School, Honggowongso 57 Street, Honggowongso Square A1, Surakarta 57151, Indonesia

Communication of Islamic Broadcasting, Faculty of Ushuludin and Da'wah IAIN Surakarta, Pandawa Street, Pucangan,

Kartasura, Sukoharjo 57168, Indonesia

Keywords: Tourism Events, Economic Growth, Surakarta.

Abstract: This study aims to analyze the influence of tourism events on the economic growth of the city of Surakarta.

The research method was qualitative explorative through data collection, data analysis, and presentation of

the collected data. Result of the study are the potential of tourism in the city of Surakarta is influenced by

aspects of facilities and aspects of security or comfort. Tourism event is in demand by the community by

looking at the tourism event has given the values of self identity and culture of the Surakarta community.

Tour event organizing contributes to the increase revenue in business actors, and The conducting of tourism

event in Surakarta has positive impact to the economic growth.

1 INTRODUCTION

Surakarta has been designated as the economic

development center (Pemerintah Provinsi Jateng,

2010) of Eastern and Southern parts of Central Java

and the industrial center of Surakarta-Yogyakarta.

And Adi Sumarmo Airport as an international airport,

Surakarta city is expected to be the gateway of

international tourism in Central Java, complementing

the function as a city of culture, tourism, industry,

trade and education. In addition, the city of Surakarta

as one of the cultural development center of Java and

Tourism of Central Java. Through the regional

regulation, Adi Sumarmo Airport is also designated

as a national strategic area. This regulation puts

Surakarta City as the center of economic growth and

puts tourism as one of the economic drivers in the

region. In the last 10 years in the city of Surakarta

every year there are 15 cultural events to attract

tourists from foreign and domestic. The events are

funded by the city budget of Surakarta. In the year

contribution of tourism sector to GRDP of Surakarta

amounted to 21.09% (Badan Pusat Statistik, 2017).

Therefore, the tourism sector is a very potential sector

to be developed to be able to drive economic growth

and public welfare.

The tourism sector is able to give positive impact

to the socioeconomic conditions of society (Tisdell,

C. A., & Wilson, 2013), which contribute to state

revenues (retribution and taxes), employment

creation, working in the formal and informal sectors,

increasing community revenues, and equitable

development. While Archer (Archer, 1989) states that

the amount of tourist spending will create a direct

impact on the trade, hotels and restaurants sector and

the transport sector so as to increase the GRDP (Gross

regional domestic product). Trade sector, hotel and

restaurant appear as main contributor in Surakarta.

Local taxes and user charges from trade, hotels and

restaurants are also the largest source of PAD

(Pendapatan Asli daerah) in Surakarta (Badan Pusat

Statistik, 2017).

Tourism has a very close economic linkage with

many sectors, through so-called open-loop effects and

induced-effects in addition to the commonly known

term as trickle-down effect and multiflier effect). The

role of tourism can also be seen from its contribution

to GRDP and absorption of labors, although there is

no exact figure for the 'tourism sector' in the statistical

record. However, the increasing contribution of the

trade, hotel and restaurant sector to GRDP clearly

illustrates the role of tourism-related sectors. Trade,

restaurant and hospitality sector (tourism) has a

Sumarsono, D., Suharso, P. and Sarbini, .

The Effects of Tourism Event on Economic Growth in Surakarta.

DOI: 10.5220/0010005100002917

In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Social Sciences, Laws, Arts and Humanities (BINUS-JIC 2018), pages 205-210

ISBN: 978-989-758-515-9

205

bigger role in its contribution to GRDP. Surakarta

tourism event encourages the community, both in the

involvement of the event and the support of

supporting facilities. The involvement of hotels,

restaurants, culinary venues, batik outlets and the

center souvenirs of Solo contribute to the growth of

the economy. Visits of tourists both from outside the

region and abroad are captured by the business as a

potential for marketing the resulting product.

Dinas Pariwisata Kota Surakarta (Tourism Office)

data shows that during 2017, there were 50 tourism

events consisting of 20 main events and 30 supporting

events. The success of the event during the year of

2017 can be seen from the increasing contribution of

trade, hotel and restaurant sector to GRDP, and the

contribution of hotel and restaurant tax to local

revenue will have an effect on regional finance.

Surakarta city has a good economy, the economic

growth of Surakarta City in 2015-2017 was more

than 6%. The economic structure of Surakarta City in

2017 was dominated by Trade, Hotel and Restaurant

sector which donate the greatest, more than 27%;

from the data, the question of this research is how the

influence of tourist events to the economic growth in

the city of Surakarta?

2 RESEARCH METHODS

This study aims to analyze the influence of tourism

events on the economic growth of the city of

Surakarta, and Formulate the strategy of tourism

development events in the city of Surakarta to support

economic growth. Therefore this research used

qualitative explorative method. Research was done

through; (1) data collection, (2) data analysis, and (3)

presentation of data analysis result (Hair, J.,

Anderson, R., & Black, 1998). Research location was

in Surakarta City, and research data collected

through; First, structured interviews and in-depth

interviews to the actors of tourism and tourist events,

while the determination of informants through

purposive sampling was the method of sampling with

a sample aimed or appropriate criteria of the

community who have followed (Alasuutari, 1995) or

seen the tour events of Surakarta City and

stakeholders who are perpetrators of the tourism

industry in the City of Surakarta; Second,

observations and surveys to the actors of events;

Third, document studies, Solo Dalam Angka (BPS),

Mayor Accountability Report, Tour Impact

Assessment (Bappeda), journal, research report,

newspaper textbooks and online media relevant to the

research problem. To test the validity of the data the

researcher did triangulation for each finding. As for

the analysis using content analysis, the data in the

form of collected numbers interpreted and then

described in the form (Decrop, 1999; Pereiro, 2010;

Fatchan, 2015) of research reports. Describe data to

identify the characteristics of tourist events and

tourism characteristics in Surakarta City.

3 RESULT

For the mutual benefit and protection of Authors and

Publishers, it is necessary that Authors provide

formal written Consent to Publish and Transfer of

Consent ensures that the publisher has the Author’s

authorization to publish the Contribution.

3.1 The Main Events in Surakarta

Tourist events are an activity undertaken by tourists

when they take advantage of a destination. Activities

or events are participatory followed by tourists.

Tourism activities are mostly done in mountainous or

rural areas or in the area on the seafront. The location

of the activity is related to the natural environment

and natural resources. There are various forms of

tourist activity that can be done by tourists, activities

undertaken driven by the motivation and hobby of the

tourists themselves. Events tours many forms and

manifold, some require certain knowledge and

expertise. such as jogging, cycling, seeightseein,

attending cultural evens, watching religion ceremony

and others (Pariwisata, 2017) (Table 1).

Table 1: Calender of tourism events in Surakarta 2017.

No Tourism Events

Date

1 Peringatan Tahun Baru

Solo Zoo

January, 1,

2017

2 Wilujengan Nagari

Maesa Lawun

January. 26,

2017

3 Grebeg Sudiro January, 28,

2017

4 Solo Great Sale, located

in shoppin

centers

February, 1-

28, 2017

5 Festival Imlek, located in

Gedhe Marke

February, 1-

28, 2017

6 Festival jenang February, 14-

17, 2017

7 Kirab Budaya for the

273th anniversary of

Solo, located at Jl.

February, 18,

2017

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Slamet Riyadi – City Hall

of Surakarta

8 Festival Musik Kolosal,

located in Benteng

Vastenbur

February, 24 –

25, 2017

9 Mangkunegaran

Performing Art, located

in Pura Man

kune

aran

March, 17-18,

2017

10 Travel Mart, located in

some hotels

March, 17,

2017

11 Solo Indonesia Culinary

Festival, located in

Manahan Stadiu

Maret, 24-26,

2017

12 Festival Hadrah, located

in Benten

Vastenbur

April, 24,

2017

13 Solo Menari, located in

Car Free Da

April, 29,

2017

14 Solo International

Festival Gamelan,

located in Benteng

Vastenbur

May, 6, 2017

15 Semarak Budaya

Indonesia, located in

Balekamban

Par

May, 10 – 11,

2018

16 Kampung Ramadhan

Kauman and Lawe

June, 2, 2018

17 Bakdan ing

Balekambango, located

in Balekamban

Par

July, 25, 2017

18 Bakdan Neng Solo,

located in Benteng

Vastenbur

June, 18-20,

2018

19 Festival Wayang Bocah,

located in Sriwedari

July, 5-6,

2018

20 Festival Kethoprak,

located in Balekambang

Par

July, 7-8, 2017

21 Solo Batik Carnival,

located in Sriwedari –

Vastenbur

July, 11 - 15 ,

2017

22 Festival Keroncong,

located in Benteng

Vastenbur

July, 20 - 21 ,

2018

23 Pawai Pembangunan,

located in Sriwedari -

Balaikota Solo

August, 18,

2017

24 Apresiasi Musik

Kebangsaan, located in

Benten

Vastenbur

August, 18,

2017

25 Festival Bocah Dolanan,

located in Taman

Sriwedari

July, 1 - 2 ,

2017

26 Solo International

Performin

Art (SIPA),

September, 7 -

9 , 2017

located in Benteng

Vastenbur

27 Kirab Malam 1 Suro,

located in Keraton Solo

September,

11/12 , 2017

28 Kirab Pusakadalem 1

Suro, located in Pura

Man

kune

aran

September,

11/12 , 2017

29 Srawung Seni Sakral

Internasional, located in

Museum Rad

apustaka

September, 12,

2017

30 Solo City Jazz, located in

Benten

Vastenbur

September, 29

–

30, 2017

31 Grebeq mulut December, 1,

2017

32 Sekaten Desember, 2,

2017

33 Haul Habib Ali Bin

Muhammad Al Habsyi,

located in Kliwon

Marke

Desember, 16,

2017

3.2 Choice of Tourism Events in

Surakarta

Surakarta City Government has many agenda of

tourism events every year. In the year of 2017, the

Government of Surakarta had 50 agenda of tour

events, consisting of 30 main events and 20 support

events. Those tourism events agenda were in great

demand by the people of Surakarta.The type of tourist

events that most interested by the people of Surakarta

(Bappeda, 2016) (Table 2).

Table 2: Calender of tourism events in Surakarta 2017.

No Event Percentage

1 Solo Batik Carnival 62%

2 Sekaten 52%

3 Solo Carnival 47%

4 Solo Great Sale 43%

Solo International

Performin

Art

39%

6 Festival Jenan

Solo 38%

7 Kirab Malam 1 Suro 35%

Solo Indonesia Clinary

Festival

32%

9 Solo 24 Jam Menari 29%

10 Solo Batik Fashion 29%

11 Imlek Festival 28%

12 Solo Cit

Jazz 25%

13 Hut Car Free Da

25%

14 Grebe

Mulud 24%

15 Solo Keroncon

Festival 23%

16 Keraton Surakarta Festival 23%

The Effects of Tourism Event on Economic Growth in Surakarta

207

17 Festival Ben

awan Solo 22%

18 Pawai Pemban

unan 16%

Pengajian Tahun Baru

16%

20 Grebe

Sudiro 16%

Mangkunegaran Performing

Art

15%

Peringatan Maulid Nabi

Muhammad Saw

15%

23 Sendratari Rama

ana 14%

24 Rock In Solo 14%

25 Solo Blues Festival 14%

26 Pasar Seni Balekamban

14%

27 Suro Bulan Buda

a 13%

Pentas Wayang Orang

Gabun

13%

29 Kirab Apem Sewu 13%

30 Java Expo 2015 11%

31 Malem Selikuran 11%

32 S

awalan Juru

11%

33 Festival Suro 11%

34 Festival Wa

Bocah 9%

Grand Final Putera Puteri

Solo

Indonesia International Mask

Festival

37 Festival Parade Hadrah 9%

38 Festival Ketoprak 9%

39 Bakdan In

Balekamban

40 Solo Gerr Seri 9%

41 Semarak Buda

a Indonesia 8%

42 Festival Pa

Indonesia 8%

Haul Ali Bin Muhammad Al

Habs

Kejuaraan Karate Antar

Mahasiswa Se-Asia

Ten

ara

45 Grebe

Besar 8%

Based on the above data shows that the tourism

event organized by the Government of Surakarta

during this time, the most popular tourist event by the

community is Solo Batik Carnival (SBC), next is

Sekaten, Solo Carnival, Solo Great Sale, Solo

International Performing Art (SIPA) , Solo solo

festival, Malam satu suro, Solo Indonesia Culinary

festival, Solo 24 hours Dancing, and Solo Batik

Fashion. Based on data from the Department of

Tourism, the event of Surakarta tourism events are

divided into 4 types of tourism namely shopping,

culinary, culture and technology. Based on survey

results, tourist events can be classified into 4 types of

tours events. interest of 35%.

4 DISCUSSION

4.1 Tourism and Economic Growth

McIntosh and Prentice [13] found the relationship

between perceived authenticity and tourist emotive

proccesses with the attractions’ setting gained by the

tourist in particular condition. Many people assume

that people who have visited the other place by

themselves outweigh their neighbors who are not

traveling. People who have traveled to other areas are

considered or feel by themselves to rise to their

prestige or status. Every year the city of Surakarta

held a tourism event as well as a cultural event that is

compiled in the agenda of the Surakarta event. The

impact of the tourism event is a big enough to the

income for the government as well as the parties

associated with tourism. In the year of 2015-2017

trend of income from the tourism sector was always

increasing, the increase was also encouraged by the

increasing number of visits of foreign tourists and

domestic who came to the city of Surakarta.

The tourism sector is developed by many

developing countries as a source of economic growth

and reduce poverty (Archer, 1989; Tisdell and

Wilson, 2013). The tourism sector by many

developing countries to become an economic sector

that can absorb a lot of manpower. Zhang (Zhang,

Chong and Ap, 1999) argues that China's experience

with the tourism sector is capable of developing the

tourism sector with different motivations from time to

time. In early 1949 to 1978, the tourism sector in

China was linked to foreign political activity, then

during the second period of 1975 to 1985, the Chinese

government realized that tourism was a profitable

economic sector. 1986 to the present is the phase in

which the government considers the tourism sector to

have a significant contribution to economic growth.

4.2 Tourism Business Network

The tourism sector is an economic sector that is

naturally a business network or product bundle (Getz,

Carlsen and Morrison, 2004; Mill, 2009). The tourism

sector is no longer associated with tourist

destinations. The development of the tourism sector

shows this sector is related to other sectors, such as

retail, fashion, hotels, culture and transportation

(Getz, 1991, 2008). The consequence of this is that

the tourism sector can have a simultaneous impact on

some other economies sectors. However, the tourism

business network also causes development policies in

this sector to require multi-sector policies with

various combinations. The tourism sector is a

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business network that impacts on the performance of

the tourism sector automatically also measures the

performance of other sectors that are part of its

business network. In the real sector economy study

released by the Ministry of Finance of the Republic

of Indonesia 2012, trade, hotel and restaurant sectors

provide the largest contribution to total economic

growth or share to growth, followed by industrial

sector, as well as transportation and communications

sector. Meanwhile, the performance of the hotel and

restaurant sub-sectors related to the increasing

income of the community also increasing of people to

the places of tourism in the territory of Indonesia.

This is also reflected in the increasing number of

domestic and foreign tourists, and the increasing

occupancy rate of hotels.

The development of tourism is not only reflected

by the increase in tourist arrivals, both foreign and

domestic, as well as the increase in revenues

generated by the trade, hotels and restaurants sector,

namely for accommodation, consumption of tourist

transport food or other services. The development of

the tourism sector has had a positive effect on the

economy (Eadington and Redman, 1991; Getz, 1991;

McKercher, 2002), as have pointed out. The

development of tourism can be seen from the

indicator of the growth of foreign and domestic

tourist visits as well as revenue growth from trade,

hotel and restaurant subsector to economic

performance. The indicators of economic

performance are the growth of GRDP and the growth

of labour absorption. The increase of tourist arrivals

and tourist spending will first create a direct impact

on the trade subsector, hotels, and restaurants.

Furthermore, in accordance with the theory of

economic basis, the theory of export basis, and the

theory of sector leaders of tourism development

provides a chain of influence on other economic

sectors, either directly supplying goods and services

for tourism and indirect sectors, multiplier so that

GRDP and total employment increase.

5 CONCLUSIONS

In the year of 2017, the Government of Surakarta had

50 agenda of tour events, consisting of 20 main

events and 30 support events. 50 events can be

grouped into 4 types, namely the culinary tour event,

shopping tour events, technology tourism events and

cultural tourism events. The potential of tourism in

the city of Surakarta is influenced by aspects of

facilities and aspects of security/comfort. This

tourism event is in demand by the community by

looking at the tourism event has given the values of

self identity and culture of the Surakarta community.

Tour event organizing contributes to the increase

revenue in business actors reached 9%. The

conducting of tourism event in Surakarta has positive

impact to sector and sub sector in GRDP, like trade

sector, hotels and restaurants, transport sub-sectors

and sub-sectors recording and entertainment services

and influential in increasing the number of tourists,

both domestic tourists and foreign tourists.

Furthermore, it can be concluded that the

improvement of aspects of these aspects have a

positive and significant impact on the economic

growth of Surakarta City.

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