ANALYSIS OF QOS PARAMETER IN AODV A DSR

IN MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS

Liliana Enciso Quispe

and Luis Mengual Galan

Research Institute of Computer Science, Technical University of Loja, San Cayetano Alto, Loja, Ecuador

Department of Computing, Politechnical University of Madrid, Monte de Boadilla, Madrid, Spain

Keywords:

Ad Hoc, AODV, DSR, MANET, Parameters, QoS.

Abstract:

Providing QoS in the context of Ad Hoc networks includes a very wide ﬁeld of application from the perspective

of every level of the architecture in the network. Saying It in another way, It is possible to speak about

QoS when a network is capable of guaranteeing a trustworthy communication in both extremes, between

any couple of the network nodes by means of an efﬁcient Management and administration of the resources

that allows a suitable differentiation of services in agreement with the characteristics and demands of every

single application.The principal objective of this article is the analysis of the quality parameters of service

that protocols of routering reagents such as AODV and DSR give in the Ad Hoc mobile Networks; all of this

is supported by the simulator ns-2. Here were going to analyze the behavior of some other parameters like

effective channel, loss of packages and latency in the protocols of routering. Were going to show you which

protocol presents better characteristics of Quality of Service (QoS) in the MANET networks.

1 INTRODUCTION

Ad hoc networks (MANET) (Tupakula et al., 2011;

Munoz, 2004) are formed by a group of mobile nodes

(the host, router), they can autoorganize themselves to

communicate among them. All these devices that be-

long to Networks transmit packages and each of their

nodes have to take decisions when they communicate

with other nodes.The MANET Networks do not have

a static infrastructure. Each of its nodes can take part

in the processes of routering or authentication and dis-

tribution of resources; therefore, the management of

its nodes is done in a distributed form, allowing the

communication of other nodes that do not have It in a

direct way, for these reasons, these types of Networks

are vulnerable to assaults and risks such as: (Kary-

giannis and Owens, 2002) denial of service (DOS),

steal of service, malicious hackers, malicious code

and even espionage.

The paper is constructed this way: The section I

contemplates an introduction to the mobile networks

in relation to the Ad Hoc quality and safety. Section

II develops the condition of the art belonging to the

topic. Section III speciﬁes relevant steps to character-

ize the quality in the mobile Ad Hoc networks. Sec-

tion IV simulates and presents results on the differen-

tiation of the protocols DSR and AODV for effects

of the quality of the Ad Hoc networks. Finally the

section V speciﬁes conclusions on QoSs parameters

analyzed in relation to the protocols AODV and DSR.

2 BEEN OF THE ART

2.1 Ad Hoc Mobile Networks

In the network Ad Hoc ﬁg. 1, the way of commu-

nication is broadcast (sending a message from point

A to B, this one comes also to all the nodes, initiat-

ing in the origin and propagating to the whole net-

work) (Venkatraman and Agrawal, 2003). The char-

acteristics of a MANET are: links of limited band-

width and changeable capacity, limitations of energy

and capacity. ﬁg.2, type of Network Ad Hoc process-

ing in the nodes and physical limited safety. Its re-

quirements of safety are the same that a traditional

network, since they need conﬁdentiality, integrity, au-

thentication, not repudiation and availability (Bouk-

erche and Boukerche, 2008; Jose et al., 2009; Tu-

pakula et al., 2011), but these characteristics make

safety requirements more complex to administering.

Douligeris and Serpanos (Douligeris and Ser-

panos, 2007) consider as examples of applications of

276

Enciso Quispe L. and Mengual Galan L..

ANALYSIS OF QOS PARAMETER IN AODV A DSR IN MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS.

DOI: 10.5220/0003940302760279

In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Web Information Systems and Technologies (WEBIST-2012), pages 276-279

ISBN: 978-989-8565-08-2

 2012 SCITEPRESS (Science and Technology Publications, Lda.)

Figure 1: Type of network ad hoc.

the Ad Hoc networks: recovery of disasters, mis-

sions of search and rescue, military operations; and,

between others to the distributed networks, dynamic

communication of group, communication between

mobile robots, etc.

2.2 QoS of Routering in Ad Hoc

Networks

According to Douligeris and Serpanos (Douligeris

and Serpanos, 2007) these networks lack total safety

in the control of physical access.The Internet is one

of the principal factors that exhibits to the mobile de-

vices to assaults like: refusal of service, injection of

malicious code, interception of the network for mans

assault and fraud.

The problem of the Quality of Service (QoS) in

mobile Ad Hoc networks has been and is one of the

big problems in this type of networks. In spite of it the

majority of protocols of routering for mobile Ad Hoc

networks, such as AODV [1], DSR [10] are designed

without considering in an explicit way the quality of

the service of the routes that they generate. QoS of

routering in Ad Hoc networks is studied and spreadin

recently (Zhang and Gulliver, 2005; Zhu and Corson,

2004; Lee et al., 2000; Chen and Nahrstedt, 1999;

Hsu et al., 1998; Leung et al., 2001; Mohapatra et al.,

2008; Park and Corson, 1997; Chen et al., 1999).

The quality of service is measured basically in

agreement with parameters as: throughput, latency,

loss of packages, etc. With the help of the QoS it is

possible to discriminate against trafﬁc giving major

or minor efﬁciency in the transmission of the infor-

mation. When one speaks about quality of service, it

is possible to say that the protocol of routering is ca-

pable of ﬁnding the way towards the destination and

of delivering information in a reliable form. Aspects

as loss of packages, latency in this type of networks,

must be almost void especially in applications of real

time (Lane et al., 2011).

3 RELEVANT STEPS IN THE AD

HOC NETWORKS

3.1 Comparison between Routering

Protocols

The protocols that are object of study and simulation

are AODV and DSR considered inside their classiﬁ-

cation as reactive protocol.

Important parameters of the quality of service

• Throughput - Is the quantity of information got

for the destination in a time determined across a

physical or logical way in a network.

• Latency - This parameter is measured in units of

time and refers to the total passed time, since the

package is transmitted by the origin until it comes

to its destiny.

• Loss of Packages - This happens for the conges-

tion of channels of transmission and because of

this the packages do not reach their ﬁnal destina-

tion.

3.2 AODVs Analysis (Ad Hoc on

Demand Distance Vector)

Characteristics.

• Only when it needs to communicate, the process

of discovery of route begins.

• Major time in the delivery of packages.

• It supports a locally table of routering for the al-

ready known destinies.

• It only supports the use of unidirectional links.

3.3 DSRs Analysis (Dynamic Source

Protocol)

Characteristics.

• Has routering in the origin.

• The packages include a head-board of information

about the nodes that they are going to cross.

• It obtains multiple possible ways towards the des-

tination.

• Every node keeps a cache memory of routes of its

neighbors.

• It detects the loss of conectividad and requests a

new immediate discovery of route.

ANALYSISOFQOSPARAMETERINAODVADSRINMOBILEADHOCNETWORKS

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Figure 2: Environment of simulation with NS2.

Figure 3: Receive packets AODV.

4 SIMULATION AND RESULTS

4.1 Stage

The simulation of the Ad Hoc protocols has been car-

ried out with the tool of simulation of network ns2

(network simulator). This Ad Hoc network consists

of a topology with 10 nodes, in a time of simulation of

40 seconds, where two nodes communicate using the

protocol of transport TCP across intermediate nodes.

In this stage, the advantages and disavantages that

the protocols AODV and DSR present are demon-

strated, as it is detailed in the ﬁgures 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and

4.2 Evaluation of Results

The principal results obtained of the simulation are

in the following tables I, II y III: In the Table I,

Figure 4: Receive packets DSR.

Figure 5: Throughput AODV.

Figure 6: Throughput DSR.

DSR presents a highest number of lost packages that

AODV, but proportional to the generated packages the

lost packages is minor in DSR that in AODV , think-

ing that DSR generates 1390 and alone AODV 849

packages, in consequence DSR is more efﬁcient. The

lost of packages is higher in DSR that in AODV, but

DSR loses packages in agreement to the number of

sendings, if we calculate mathematically DSR sends

690 packages and loses 13 packages AODV at the

time on having sent 401 packages should lose 7,55

packages and like we can see the simulation throws

8 packages lost in AODV at the time we can say that

they are similar. We can also notice a similar behavior

in both protocols as for the erasing of packages dur-

ing the transmission. See Table II. In the simulation

is observed that the delay in AODV is minor, which

indicates that this protocol presents better quality of

service in his routering, since the rate of lost pack-

ages is minor that DSR, and the delay that it presents

in the communication between the origin and desti-

nation in his maximum and minimal point, continues

being a minor in AODV.Table III.

The throughput in AODV demonstrates that the

communication is established more soon than in DSR.

The throughput in DSR appears 30 seconds after the

simulation had started, which indicates that in this

time it manages to communicate with the destination

and this value is two points during the rest of the sim-

ulation; with AODV the throughput begins at the 0

seg.

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Table 1: Packets management (DSR - AODV).

Protocol Generated

packet

Sent Pack-

ets

Lost

packets

DSR 1390 1390 23

AODV 849 846 17

Table 2: Communication from the node 2-5.

Protocol Sent packets Lost Pack-

ets

Deleted

packets

DSR 690 13 0

AODV 401 8 0

Table 3: Delay between the node 2-5 (DSR - AODV).

ProtocolMinimum

delay

Average

delay

Maximum

delay

DSR 0.017022 seg. 0.271257 seg. 0.329094 seg.

AODV 0.004172 seg. 0.030682 seg. 0.193194 seg.

5 CONCLUSIONS

On the basis of the analysis, simulation and results

there concludes that:

• The performance of the protocols of routering

reagents depend on the stage that appears in a sim-

ulation. In normal cases as it appears in the ob-

tained results, DSR presents better performance

that AODV. This protocol in the routering with

QoS produces a major performance, minor late

and better effort of the protocol.

• DSR organizes enough good in networks where

less than one hundred of nodes exist. In these net-

works DSR is specially useful and highly adapt-

able in small environments.

• Amongthe protocol AODV and DSR, the protocol

AODV is more adapted for the quality in networks

by top mobility and they adapt to big and complex

environments.

• For QoSs provision in Ad Hoc networks we must

provide of an adaptative model of QoS where the

applications have to be able to adapt to the con-

ditions and to the availability of resources of the

Ad Hoc, which are highly dynamic. These models

will have to have jointly certain elements: control

of admission, control of congestion, police func-

tion, some mechanism to differentiate packages

and some mechanism that allows us to know the

condition or state of the network.

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