A GENERALIZATION APPROACH FOR 3D VIEWING DEFORMATIONS OF SINGLE-CENTER PROJECTIONS

Matthias Trapp, Jürgen Döllner

2008

Abstract

This paper presents a novel image-based approach to efficiently generate real-time non-planar projections of arbitrary 3D scenes such as panorama and fish-eye views. The real-time creation of such projections has a multitude of applications, e.g., in geovirtual environments and in augmented reality. Our rendering technique is based on dynamically created cube map textures in combination with shader programs that calculate the specific projections. We discuss two different approaches to create such cubemaps and introduce possible optimizations. Our technique can be applied within a single rendering pass, is easy to implement, and exploits the capability of modern programmable graphics hardware completely. Further, we present an approach to customize and combine different planar as well as non-planar projections. We have integrated our technique into an existing real-time rendering framework and demonstrate its performance on large scale datasets such as virtual 3D city and terrain models.

References

  1. Agrawala, M., Zorin, D., and Munzner, T. (2000). Artistic Multiprojection Rendering. In 11th Eurographics Workshop on Rendering, pages 125-136, Brno, Czech Republic.
  2. Bayarri, S. (1995). Computing Non-Planar Perspectives in Real Time. Computers & Graphics, 19(3):431-440.
  3. Bier, E. A., Stone, M. C., Pier, K., Buxton, W., and DeRose, T. D. (1993). Toolglass and Magic Lenses: The See-Through Interface. In SIGGRAPH, pages 73-80. ACM Press.
  4. Blinn, J. (1992). Hyperbolic Interpolation. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications Staff, 12(4):89-94.
  5. Blythe, D. (2006). The Direct3D 10 System. In SIGGRAPH 7806: ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers, pages 724-734, New York, NY, USA. ACM Press.
  6. Bourke, P. (2000). Nonlinear Lens Distortion.
  7. Bourke, P. (2004). Offaxis Fisheye Projection.
  8. Brosz, J., Samavati, F. F., Sheelagh, M., Carpendale, T., and Sousa, M. C. (2007). Single Camera Flexible Projection. In NPAR 7807: Proceedings of the 5th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering, pages 33-42, New York, NY, USA. ACM Press.
  9. Carlbom, I. and Paciorek, J. (1978). Planar Geometric Projections and Viewing Transformations. ACM Comput. Surv., 10(4):465-502.
  10. Carpendale, M. S. T. and Montagnese, C. (2001). A Framework for Unifying Presentation Space. In UIST 7801: Proceedings of the 14th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology, pages 61-70, New York, NY, USA. ACM Press.
  11. Coleman, P. and Singh, K. (2004). RYAN: Rendering Your Animation Nonlinearly projected. In NPAR.
  12. Glaeser, G. and Gröller, E. (1999). Fast Generation of Curved Perspectives for Ultra-Wide-Angle Lenses in VR Applications. The Visual Computer, 15(7/8):365- 376.
  13. Glaeserm, G. (1999). Extreme and Subjective Perspectives. In Topics in Algebra, Analysis and Geometry, pages 39-51, BPR Mdiatancsad BT/Budapest.
  14. Glasbey, C. and Mardia, K. (1989). A Review of Image Warping Methods. Journal of Applied Statistics, 25:155-171.
  15. Glassner, A. S. (2000). Cubism and Cameras: Free-form Optics for Computer Graphics. Technical report, Microsoft Research.
  16. Göddeke, D. (2005). Playing Ping Pong with Render-ToTexture. Technical report, University of Dortmund, Germany.
  17. Greene, N. (1986). Environment Mapping and other Applications of World Pojections. IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl., 6(11):21-29.
  18. Gröller, M. E. and Acquisto, P. (1993). A Distortion Camera for Ray Tracing. In Conner, Hernandez, Murthy, and Power, editors, Visualization and Intelligent Design in Engineering and Architecture. Elsevier Science Publishers.
  19. Gustafsson, A. (1993). Interactive Image Warping. Master's thesis, Faculty of Information Technology.
  20. H., B., J., Y., and Q., P. (1999). Non-Linear View Interpolation. In The Journal of Visualization and Computer Animation, volume 10, pages 233-241(9). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
  21. Harris, M. (2004). Dynamic Texturing. NVIDIA Corporation.
  22. Heidrich, W. and Seidel, H.-P. (1998). View-independent Environment Maps. In HWWS 7898: Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS workshop on Graphics hardware, pages 39-ff., New York, NY, USA. ACM Press.
  23. John Kessenich (2004). The OpenGL Shading Language Version 1.20, 59 edition.
  24. Kilgard, M. J. (May 19, 2004). NVIDIA OpenGL Extension Specifications. Technical report, NVIDIA Corporation.
  25. Leung, Y. and Apperley, M. (1994). A Review and Taxonomy of Distortion-Oriented Presentation Techniques. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 1:126-160.
  26. Margaret, F. (1995). Perspective Projection: the Wrong Imaging Model.
  27. Microsoft (2007). Direct3D 10 Programming Guide Excerpts. In SIGGRAPH 7807: ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 courses, pages 369-446, New York, NY, USA. ACM Press.
  28. Nelson, M. L. (Nicograph 1983). Computer Graphics Distortion for IMAX and OMNIMAX Projection. In Nicograph 83MaxNicograph1983, pages 137-159.
  29. Neumann, P. and Carpendale, S. (2003). Taxonomy for Discrete Lenses. Technical Report 2003-734-37, Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary.
  30. NVIDIA (2004). OpenGL Cube Map Texturing.
  31. NVIDIA (2005). NVIDIA GPU Programming Guide. NVIDIA Corporation, 2.4.0 edition.
  32. Polack-Wahl, J. A., Piegl, L. A., and Carter, M. L. (1997). Perception of Images Using Cylindrical Mapping. The Visual Computer, 13(4):155-167.
  33. Rademacher, P. and Bishop, G. (1998). Multiple-Center-ofProjection Images. In SIGGRAPH 7898: Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, pages 199-206, New York, NY, USA. ACM Press.
  34. Segal, M. and Akeley, K. (2004). The OpenGL Graphics System: A Specification, Version 2.0.
  35. Singh, K. (2002). A Fresh Perspective. In Graphics Interface, pages 17-24.
  36. Spindler, M., Bubke, M., Germer, T., and Strothotte, T. (2006). Camera Textures. In GRAPHITE 7806: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques in Australasia and Southeast Asia, pages 295-302, New York, NY, USA. ACM Press.
  37. Swaminathan, R., Grossberg, M., and Nayar, S. (2003). A Perspective on Distortions. In IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), volume II, pages 594-601.
  38. Szeliski, R. and Shum, H.-Y. (1997). Creating full view panoramic image mosaics and environment maps. In SIGGRAPH 7897: Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, pages 251-258, New York, NY, USA. ACM Press/Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.
  39. Turkowski, K. (1999). Making Environment Maps from Fisheye Photographs.
  40. van Oortmerssen, W. (2002). FisheyeQuake/PanQuake.
  41. Wan, L., Wong, T.-T., and Leung, C.-S. (2007). Isocube: Exploiting the Cubemap Hardware. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 13(4):720-731.
  42. Woo, M., Neider, J., Davis, T., and Shreiner, D. (1999). OpenGL Programming Guide: The Official Guide to Learning OpenGL, Version 1.2. Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA.
  43. Wood, D. N., Finkelstein, A., Hughes, J. F., Thayer, C. E., and Salesin, D. H. (1997). Multiperspective Panoramas for Cel Animation. In SIGGRAPH 7897: Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, pages 243-250, New York, NY, USA. ACM Press/Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.
  44. Yang, Y., Chen, J. X., and Beheshti, M. (2005). Nonlinear Perspective Projections and Magic Lenses: 3D View Deformation. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, pages 76-84.
  45. Yang, Y., Chen, J. X., Kim, W., , and Kee, C. (2003). Nonlinear Pojection: Using Deformations in 3D Viewing. In Jim X. Chen, editor, Visualization Corner, pages 54-59. IEEE.
Download


Paper Citation


in Harvard Style

Trapp M. and Döllner J. (2008). A GENERALIZATION APPROACH FOR 3D VIEWING DEFORMATIONS OF SINGLE-CENTER PROJECTIONS . In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Computer Graphics Theory and Applications - Volume 1: GRAPP, (VISIGRAPP 2008) ISBN 978-989-8111-20-3, pages 163-170. DOI: 10.5220/0001098201630170


in Bibtex Style

@conference{grapp08,
author={Matthias Trapp and Jürgen Döllner},
title={A GENERALIZATION APPROACH FOR 3D VIEWING DEFORMATIONS OF SINGLE-CENTER PROJECTIONS},
booktitle={Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Computer Graphics Theory and Applications - Volume 1: GRAPP, (VISIGRAPP 2008)},
year={2008},
pages={163-170},
publisher={SciTePress},
organization={INSTICC},
doi={10.5220/0001098201630170},
isbn={978-989-8111-20-3},
}


in EndNote Style

TY - CONF
JO - Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Computer Graphics Theory and Applications - Volume 1: GRAPP, (VISIGRAPP 2008)
TI - A GENERALIZATION APPROACH FOR 3D VIEWING DEFORMATIONS OF SINGLE-CENTER PROJECTIONS
SN - 978-989-8111-20-3
AU - Trapp M.
AU - Döllner J.
PY - 2008
SP - 163
EP - 170
DO - 10.5220/0001098201630170