SylvaDB: A Polyglot and Multi-backend

Graph Database Management System

Javier de la Rosa

, Juan Luis Su

arez

and Fernando Sancho Caparrini

CulturePlex Lab, Dept. Modern Languages and Literature, Western University, Western Rd., London, Canada

Ciencias de la Computacin e Inteligencia Artiﬁcial, CulturePlex Lab, University of Seville, Seville, Spain

Keywords:

Graph Databases, Polyglot Backends, Network Research.

Abstract:

This paper presents SylvaDB, a graph database management system designed to be used by people with

no technical knowledge. SylvaDB is based on ﬂexible schema deﬁnitions and has been developed taking

into account the need to deal with semantic information. It relies on the mathematical notion of property

graph. SylvaDB is an open source project and aims at lowering the barrier of adoption for anyone using graph

databases. At the same time, it is robust and scalable enough to support collaborative large projects related to

knowledge management, document archiving, and research.

1 INTRODUCTION

After several years of work in an international and

multidisciplinary project on cultural transfers, whose

objectives included the analysis of several datasets of

various types of cultural objects, we came to the con-

clusion that both the classic relational databases and

the total dependence of researchers on programmers

to deal with their data was detrimental to the purposes

and objectives of the project.

We came to this conclusion for several reasons.

First, we realized that non technical researchers pre-

sented a strong tendency towards resigning their own

research autonomy and handing in all the decisions

on database design and implementation to the profes-

sional programmer. However, this attitude was usu-

ally accompanied by the unsatisfactory results of the

collaboration, as humanists, for example, were not

able to extract or analyze their own results. And sec-

ond, as the projects evolved, non technical researchers

would come back to the programmers demanding

changes in the structure of their databases, asking for

new features during incremental design, corrections

of mistakes in the database design, or modiﬁcations

to reﬂect changes in the structure of the real world

artefacts modelled in the database. But despite of the

efforts of the database community to solve schema

modiﬁcation and evolution, as noticed by (Roddick,

1992), there is still a gap between the database ad-

ministrator who manages to solve this issues, and the

end user who needs them solved.

In an attempt to improve the interaction with

databases, research efforts have been dedicated to

provide graphical interfaces to relational databases

such as HIBROWSE (Ellis et al., 1994), Query-By-

Example (Zloof, 1975), or Santucci and Palmisano’s

Visualiser (Santucci and Palmisano, 1994). Also,

some other works reveals moves from these complex

graphical interfaces to more expressive and closer to

natural languages alternatives (Hendrix et al., 1978;

Wolfe et al., 1992; Popescu et al., 2003). However,

there is no evidence of providing better and easier ad-

ministration tools for non technical users that allow

them to manage their data.

On the other hand, one of the most active areas

of research at this moment is the study of networks

(Knoke et al., 2008), what has brought the need to

manage information with inherent graph-like nature

(Angles and Gutierrez, 2008). Therefore, after sur-

veying the landscape (Vicknair et al., 2010), we de-

cided to build our own database management system,

SylvaDB

, in order to implement the graph model in-

stead of the relational and to provide researchers with

the tools they need as well as to reduce the depen-

dency on programmers and database administrators.

2 DESIGN PRINCIPLES

The main goals that guided the design of this graph

http://sylvadb.com

285

de la Rosa J., Suárez J. and Sancho Caparrini F..

SylvaDB: A Polyglot and Multi-backend Graph Database Management System.

DOI: 10.5220/0004475702850292

In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Data Technologies and Applications (DATA-2013), pages 285-292

ISBN: 978-989-8565-67-9

 2013 SCITEPRESS (Science and Technology Publications, Lda.)

database management system were:

• to provide technological autonomy to non techni-

cal researchers,

• to allow for modiﬁcations and evolutions of the

schema at any time of the life cycle of the

database,

• to be scalable and therefore useful for both the

single researcher working on a relatively small

project and the requirements of large teams,

• to manage different datasets under the same sys-

tem,

• to allow collaborative work on single databases,

• to support as many as possible types of objects,

• to present the information by using an intuitive in-

terface.

Out of our own experience in Complex Systems

and Cultural Analysis, we realized that topics and re-

lations among them are at the same level of interest.

Consequently, and from previous goals, the following

conceptual and technological features were manda-

tory for us:

• No tables, only objects and relations.

• Arbitrary number of attributes on objects and re-

lationships.

• Support for multimedia content natively (image,

audio, video and documents).

• Users and permissions management.

• Ability to perform complex queries to retrieve and

analyze information.

• Interactive graphic visualization of the content.

• Connection to external tools for visualization and

analysis.

3 ARCHITECTURE

SylvaDB relies on the paradigm of Database as a Ser-

vice (DBaaS), as described by Hacigumus (Hacigu-

mus et al., 2002). Written using the Python pro-

gramming language, and built through the Model-

View-Controller web framework Django (Holovaty

and Kaplan-Moss, 2009), SylvaDB is a web platform

that can be used in modern browsers such as Google

Chrome or Mozilla Firefox.

In SylvaDB a graph database consists of a schema

with information on data types and properties for

nodes and relationships, and the real data stored on

them. Because some graph backends are schema-free

and some others are schema-restricted, and in order

Django

uwsgi memcached

Nginx

Static ﬁles

(Amazon S3)

SylvaDB (Amazon EC2)

PostgreSQL

(Heroku)

Graph Instance 1

(Amazon EC2)

Graph Instance N

(Amazon EC2)

Payments

(Stripe)

Neo4j HA (Amazon EC2)

Neo4j Node Neo4j Node

Figure 1: General Architecture of SylvaDB.

to guarantee compatibility with as many of them as

possible, we store the schema (if any) in a relational

database while all data is actually stored in the graph

database backend; properties for both nodes and re-

lationships are also stored in the graph backend; and

the set of media ﬁles and other static ﬁles are stored

in Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3)

SylvaDB’s architecture, as depicted in Figure 1, is

divided into several parts in terms of machine isola-

tion, so any of them can be replaced or clustered with

no major problems

In short, there is a main HTTP server that serves

the Django application SylvaDB through an uwsgi-

compliant Python process. All statics ﬁles (includ-

ing user uploads and client-side Javascript and styles)

are handled in Amazon S3 instances. The relational

database to manage users, sessions, permissions and

graphs metadata like their schemas, is managed in

PostgreSQL instances by the Platform as a Service

provider Heroku (Malliga, 2012). Actual data for

graphs in the shared graph backend is stored in a

Neo4j High Availability (HA) cluster, and graphs in

custom instances may be in different kinds of graph

backends as described in section 3.2. On the other

hand, both low level and view level cache are im-

plemented in a distributed memcached environment

(Fitzpatrick, 2004).

This setup confers reliability and performance to

SylvaDB at the time that makes scalability a problem

easy to solve.

3.1 HTTP Server

Nginx

is an asynchronous HTTP and reverse proxy

server that natively includes support for upstream

https://aws.amazon.com/en/s3/

SylvaDB also gives support to services such as regis-

tration and messaging, but we have omitted them in the di-

agram, as they play an auxiliary role in our architecture.

http://nginx.com/

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servers speaking the WSGI

protocol, such as

uWSGI

does for Django. The main advantage of the

asynchronous approach is scalability. In a process-

based server, each simultaneous connection requires

a thread which incurs signiﬁcant overhead. An asyn-

chronous server, on the other hand, is event-driven

and handles requests in a single, or very few threads.

While a process-based server can often perform on

par with an asynchronous server under light loads, if

heavier loads occur the performance degrades signiﬁ-

cantly as RAM consumption increases.

3.2 Graph Model

At the core of the system, we use the Object-

Relational Mapping (ORM) (Burza

nska et al., 2010)

provided by Django to manipulate the programming

objects in the code, and a set of mixins to abstract

graph backends (Esterbrook, 2001).

Figure 2 illustrates a simpliﬁed UML diagram of

the elements implied in the Graph model. Django ter-

minology uses model when refering to Python classes

that inherit from the base class that does the mapping

between the code and the database; it provides some

helpers to avoid the manual manipulation of tables,

foreign keys and many to many relationships. To em-

ulate a similar behaviour in relation to the graph back-

ends, and to make it easier to develop SylvaDB, we

wrote some mixins to abstract all the graph databases

primitives. In the diagram we omit inheritance from

Django models. Therefore, SylvaDB makes use of

Graph object instances that cover both the schema and

the backend.

Our graph structure is based on the property

graph, i.e., a multigraph data structure where graph

elements, nodes and relationships, can have prop-

erties (attributes) and can be typed. Formally,

the property graph is deﬁned as a tuple G =

(V, E, P, D

, D

, ν

), where V is a set of vertices,

E is a multiset of directed edges, P is a domain of

properties, D

, D

are the domain of allowed prop-

erty values for vertices ad edges, respectively, ν

X × P → P

) (X = V or X = E) is a function

that maps properties of elements of X to their val-

ues (P

) is the collection of ﬁnite subsets of D

meaning that a property can be associated with multi-

ple items from D

3.2.1 Flexible Schemas

The ﬁrst component of a Graph object is the schema,

http://wsgi.readthedocs.org/

http://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.org/en/latest/

Protocol.html

<<object>>

Graph Backend

<<django.db.models.Model>>

Relational Backend

Graph

+data: OneToOneField

+schema: OneToOneField

<<mix-in>>

GraphMixin

+nodes

+relationships

DataSchema

<<facade>>

NodeManager

<<facade>>

RelationshipManager

Instance

BaseType

RelationshipType

Node Relationship

NodeType

GraphDatabase

BlueprintsGraphDatabase

Neo4jGraphDatabase

Property

Figure 2: Simpliﬁed UML Diagram.

albeit it is not required of the graph to have one. To-

gether with the fact that some users may need no

schema in their data structure, the idea behind this

ﬂexible schema is to design the platform as indepen-

dent as possible from the graph backend. Since some

graph bakends may require a schema and others do

not, we move the schema out of the graph backend

and made it optional.

Even when this decision may involve a manual

managing of all triggers commonly handled by rela-

tional databases, at the same time provide us with a

powerful and ﬁne grained control over schema evo-

lution (the ability of a database system to respond to

changes in the real world by allowing the schema to

evolve (Roddick, 1992)). Relational databases usu-

ally have ﬁxed schemas, but SylvaDB does not have

this limitation because is based on graphs, and schema

information is only tied to graph data through the ap-

plication logic.

SylvaDB makes users owners and responsible for

their schema evolution, at the time it provides them

with the tools to decide. Before adding nodes to a

graph, a schmea must be deﬁned by creating node

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287

types and relationship types. By using web forms

generated by SylvaDB, the user is able to add prop-

erties to the types and build the schema. Every time

a user makes a change in a graph schema, he is

prompted to choose what to do depending on the op-

eration he wants to perform:

• If the user renames a node type or relationship

type, nothing will happen since types have inter-

nal numerical identiﬁers.

• If the user renames a property, SylvaDB can keep

the previous property name internally in the item

(node or relationship), can remove the old prop-

erty from the item and consider the new property

as new and empty, or can try to rename the last

property with the new one.

• If the user removes a node type or relationship

type, will be asked to decide if all related items

must be removed on cascade or just the type.

• If the user removes a property, SylvaDB can also

keep the value internally in the item or remove it

from all the items affected.

3.2.2 Polyglot Graph Backend

The second component of a Graph object is a (manda-

tory) graph backend. From its inception, SylvaDB

was designed to support different technologies as

backend, what we call polyglot graph backend, since

there exist different graph databases providers for dif-

ferent needs. For example, Titan

is intended for dis-

tributed and massive-scale graphs, whereas Neo4j is

faster but does support a slightly lower number of

nodes. Currently, the graph databases providers land-

Table 1: Summary of graph databases, query methods and

Python bindings.

Graph Query Python

Database Method Binding

Cypher, Blueprints,

Neo4j Gremlin, Native,

Traversal REST

OrientDB Cypher Blueprints

Traversal

HyperGraphDB HGQuery No

Traversal

DEX Traversal Blueprints

Titan Gremlin Blueprints

InﬁniteGraph Gremlin No

scape is not as huge and diverse as the relational, and

unfortunately most of them are only suitable to be

used in Java language programming.

To overcome this limitation, and having in mind

http://thinkaurelius.github.io/titan/

that SylvaDB base code is Python, we resorted to

REST (Representational State Transfer) interfaces

(Fielding, 2000). Speciﬁcally, SylvaDB makes use

of the Blueprints API

, a generic graph Java API

that binds to various graph database backends. Many

graph processing and programming frameworks are

built on top of it, e.g., Gremlin

, a graph traversal lan-

guage, and Rexster

, a graph server that exposes any

Blueprints graph through a REST interface. Not all

graph database backends have a built-in support for

the Blueprints API, as the Table 1 shows, and others

have their own interfaces, like Neo4j.

Figure 3 shows how, on top of these REST inter-

faces (Blueprints and Neo4j), SylvaDB deﬁnes a set

of abstraction layers to operate with them exposing

a common and unique set of methods and attributes,

the GraphDatabase interface. Any class able to im-

plement this interface, will be suitable as a graph

backend in SylvaDB. Nevertheless, only Neo4j and

Blueprints-compliant graph databases are available

now, thanks to client libraries like neo4j-rest-client

and pyblueprints

, respectively.

Neo4jOrientDB SailRDFDEXTitan

Blueprints API

REST

neo4j-rest-clientpyblueprints

GraphDatabase

Figure 3: Polyglot graph backend diagram.

Since each graph backend run on its own service,

SylvaDB is able to deploy backends on demand, by

using Amazon CloudFormation

templates, and of-

fer them to users with different needs.

3.3 Queries

For the purposes SylvaDB has been built, easy ways

http://blueprints.tinkerpop.com

http://gremlin.tinkerpop.com

http://rexster.tinkerpop.com

http://pypi.python.org/pypi/neo4jrestclient/

http://pypi.python.org/pypi/pyblueprints/

http://aws.amazon.com/cloudformation

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for retrieval information from data was as important

as data itself, making it mandatory to provide tools to

build powerful queries to the user.

However, although it is not a new topic, recent re-

search and implementations are ﬁnally reaching a tip-

ing point with regards to providing natural language

interfaces for querying databases (Popescu et al.,

2003). In this context, SylvaDB tries to be a step

ahead by generating schema-based grammars to pro-

cess users’ queries.

Although the grammar depends on the graph

schema and is domain-speciﬁc and quite limited

yet, it is able to process approximate natural lan-

guage queries as inputs and produce backend-speciﬁc

queries as outputs. As an example, let’s suppose we

have a graph called ”Workers” with a Neo4j backend,

which supports Cypher Query Language

, then the

query:

Person who lives in country with name Spain

will produce the following Cypher query:

START node=node:graph(label=’Workers’)

MATCH person-[:lives_in]->country

WHERE country.name = ’Spain’

AND person.type = ’person’

AND country.type = ’country’

RETURN person

Unfortunately, for more complex queries (such as

returning nodes in the middle of a path) or to support

schema-free graphs, the only way around is by using

the query language available for the speciﬁc backend.

After having explored the options to implement a vi-

sual query system (Catarci et al., 1997), it is clear that

SylvaDB has considerable room to improve in this

area.

3.4 Visualization

For graphs with deﬁned schemas, paginated table-

based views are provided for each type in the schema.

Since the data model is based on graphs, SylvaDB

may provide a proper way to visualize users’ data in

a more graphical manner. There are so far two differ-

ent kinds of visualization: the ﬁrst is our own devel-

opment, and it allows users to expand relationships

by clicking on the nodes. However, for graphs with

more than a couple of thousand nodes this visualiza-

tion, although more complete, is not very useful. The

second one is based on sigma.js

, an open-source

lightweight JavaScript library to draw graphs, and us-

ing the HTML5 canvas element

http://docs.neo4j.org/chunked/stable/

cypher-query-lang.html

http://sigmajs.org/

http://w3.org/TR/html5/embedded-content-0.html

For other general purposes, the system provides

exporting functionality to GEXF

ﬁles, a graph for-

mat ﬁle deﬁned for Gephi (Bastian et al., 2009).

3.5 Collaboration

Fine grained permissions is also an important feature

that SylvaDB includes. Implemented to graph object

level, graph owners can grant up to 9 different permis-

sions for their graphs to other users:

• over the graph: view, change collaborators,

change graph properties (information description

and visibility),

• over the data: all CRUD operations for nodes and

relationships,

• and over the schema: view and change.

4 APPLICATIONS

Thanks to the versatility of the conceptual storage

data type supported, the property graph, the uses of

SylvaDB vary from a tool for standard storage, or

an implementation system for ontologies, glossaries,

conceptual maps and relaxed topic maps, to an anal-

ysis tool useful to ﬁnd non explicit relations between

topics or discover hidden knowledge through queries

that traverse the graph.

Below follow three well studied cases that have

proven how useful SylvaDB can become.

4.1 Formal Ontologies: Baroque

Paintings Network

This research on baroque paintings is part of a 7-year

project that deals with the issues of cultural transmis-

sion and assimilation and community formation dur-

ing the baroque period in the territories of the former

Hispanic Monarchy. One of the important aspects of

this historical case lies in the fact that the political

structure that supported or accompanied the studied

cultural transfers reached almost global proportions,

from Europe to American and Asia. Thus, it offered

an excellent benchmark to test some of the prevalent

theories in the ﬁeld taking advantage of a dataset that

included over 13,000 paintings, 1636 creators, 405 se-

ries of paintings, 195 schools and 2482 geographical

locations from different territories and cultural areas.

So far, extensive research have been done on three

main issues. First, an analysis of the data set to an-

swer questions related to the formation and sustain-

ability of large cultures, the semantic content of the

http://gexf.net/format/

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San Andrés

San Mateo

El Niño Jesús y San Juan

Santa Agueda

Portrait of a Lady (Retrato de una dama)

Gaspar Sánchez

Juan Bautista de Urquiola y Elorriaga

Ildefonso Muños Tirado

Bodegón del cardo

Bodegón con dulces y recipientes de cristal

Bodegón de frutas y hortalizas

Bodegón

Nuestra Señora de Copacabana

Nuesta Señora del Pilar con un monje franciscano y uno dominico

La virgen de Almudena con Carlos II y la reina de España

Felipe III

Retrato ecuestre del duque de Lerma

Aguador de Sevilla

Vieja friendo huevos

Tres músicos

Don Luis de Góngora y Argote

Caballero Anciano

Isabel de Valois, tercera esposa de Felipe II

Caballero joven

Jerónimo de Cevallos

La infanta Isabel Clara Eugenia

El archiduque Alberto de Austria

La reina Ana de Austria, cuarta esposa de Felipe II

Retrato de caballero

Cabeza de anciano

Francisco Pacheco o Retrato de hombre con gola

Ana de Austria, esposa de Luis XIII

La familia del pintor

María de Medici, reina de Francia

Retrato de hombre (Autorretrato de Velazquez)

La mulata

Tres hombres a la mesa

Dos jóvenes a la mesa

Felipe IV

Retrato de caballero, Juan de Fonseca

Felipe IV

El conde duque con la cruz de Calatrava

Fiesta de bodas campesina

El patizambo

Giovan Carlo Doria a caballo

Retrato doble

Alessandro Giustiniani con traje de senador y su esposa, dama de la casa Spinola

Los síndicos del gremio de los pañeros

Sir George Villiers, futuro duque de Buckingham, y su esposa Katherine Manners retratados como Venus y Adonis

Retrato de familia

El Sacamuelas

La familia Lomellini

Autorretrato (Bernini)

Don Juan de Austria

Felipe IV

Retrato del Conde de Villalonga

Lope de Vega

Retrato de progenitor

El Primo

Retrato de dama

Retrato masculino

Familia de Mendigos

Retrato de hombre

Niño desnudo

Retrato del príncipe Felipe Manuel de Saboya

Retrato de doña María de Médicis

Felipe III

Retrato de Lope de Vega

Gabriel Téllez (seudónimo de Tirso de Molina)

Agustín Moreto y Cavana

Retrato de Felipe de Médicis, hijo de Francisco I

Cosme II

Cristina de Lorena, duquesa de Florencia

Self-Portrait (Autorretrato de Luis Tristán)

The Sculptor Gregorio Fernandez (El escultor Gregorio Fernández)

Autorretrato (Vicente Carducho)

Retrato de anciano

Retrato de George Gage con dos Asistentes

Autorretrato con su esposa Isabel Brant

Retrato de Elena Grimaldi Cattaneo

Self-Portrait (Autorretrato de Pedro Orrente)

Felipe III como Gran Maestre de la Orden del Toisón

Retrato de Jacobo I de Inglaterra

Retrato de don Francisco Gómez de Sandoval y Rojas, duque de Lerma

Retrato de Antonio de Servás

Queen Margaret and Princess Ana as the Annunciation (La reina Margarita y la Princesa Ana en la anuciación)

James Hamilton, conde de Arran y primer duque de Hamilton

Queen Margaret of Austria (La reina Margarita de Austria)

Portrait of Philip IV and Ana (Retrato de Felipe IV y Ana)

Portrait of Alfonso -el Caro- and Ana Margarita (Retrato de Alfonso -el Caro- y Ana Margarita)

King Philip III of Spain (Rey Felipe III de España)

Francisco Gómez de Sandoval y Rojas, Duke of Lerma (Duque de Lerma)

Portrait of Lorenzo van der Hamen y León (Retrato de Lorenzo van der Hamen y León)

Portrait of a Monk (Retrato de un monje)

Autorretrato

Retrato de Maria de Medicis

Retrato de Virginia Centuriona

Fray Hernando de Rojas

El conde duque de olivares

La Reina Margarita de Austria

El Infante don Alfonso el caro

Retrato de joven dama

Felipe III

La Duquesa de Módena

Cabeza de muchacha

Retrato de Agustín Moreto

Copia del retrato de Doña Mariana de Austria de Diego de Velázquez del Museo del Prado, nº 1191

Idolatría de Salomón-

Dos genios entre guirnaldas y ramos de flores, Amorcillos con guirnaldas

Santa Margarita de Escocia

Retrato de Jean de Montfort

Don Adrián Pulido Pareja

Copia de las Meninas

Retrato de Caballero (Fransisco Pacheco?)

Don Pedro Calderón de la Barca

Copia de Retrato de Doña Mariana de Austria de Juan Carreño de Miranda del Museo de Viena

Sacrificio de Isaac

Lope de Vega

Retrato de clérigo

Retrato de hombre

Retrato masculino

Retrato de dama

David con la cabeza de Goliat

Brigidad Spinola Doria

Isabelle Brandt

Maria Serra Pallavicino

Autorretrato

Retrato de Isabelle Brandt

Retrato del cardenal Guido Bentivoglio

Retrato de la marquesa Balbi

Retrato de Isabel la Católica

Retrato de don Cristóbal Suárez de Ribera

View and Plan of Toledo

Retrato de niño

Arcángel san Miguel con donante indígena

Virgen del Rosario con donante indígena

Retrato de Jorge Manuel Theotocopuoulos

Retrato de Simón Ruiz

Retrato de doña Mariana de Paz Pineda

David con la cabeza de Goliat

Virgen de Guápulo

Virgen del Rosario con Santo Domingo y San Francisco

La adoración de los Reyes Magos

La Resurrección

La anunciación

La Crucifixión

Pentecostés

Cristo abrazado a la Cruz

Fraile trinitario

Adoración de los Reyes

Adoración de los pastores

El Salvador

Santiago

Susana y los viejos

Ofrenda a Ceres

La serpiente de metal

La venerable madre Jerónima de la Fuente ( o Sor Jerónima de la Fuente)

El Prendimiento de Cristo

La Coronación de espinas

La Verónica

La visita de Baco al poeta Icario

Retrato de San Francisco

Magdalena Penitente

Cristo crucificado contemplado por la Virgen María y San Francisco

Santa Catalina de Siena

La Virgen y el Rosario con Santo Domingo y Catalina de Siena

Nuestra Señora del Rosario

Nuestra Señora del Pilar de Zaragoza

Nuestra Señora del Sagrario de Toledo

Nuestra Señora de La Salceda

La venerable madre Jerónima de la Fuente ( o Sor Jerónima de la Fuente)

Cristo atendido por los ángeles

Cristo en casa de Marta y María

Don Cristóbal Suárez de Ribera

La Virgen imponiendo la casulla a san Ildefonso

Cena de Emaús

Cristo flagelado

La coronación de la Virgen

Crucifixión de San Pedro

Salomé

El tocador de Venus

Martyrdom of Saint Hippolytus (Martirio de San Hipólito)

Huida a Egipto

Paisaje con Mercurio y Argos

La Virgen de Guadalupe

Et in Arcadia ego

Muerte de la Virgen

Cena en Emaús

Resurrección de Lázaro

Vocación de san Mateo

La visión de san Francisco

Martirio de santa Rufina y santa Segunda

La Virgen presenta el Niño a santa Francisca Romana

San Pedro liberado de la cárcel

Sagrada Familia

Incredulidad de santo Tomás

La Virgen despierta al Niño

Pentecostés

Desposorio místico de santa Catalina

Virgen del Rosario

Siete obras de misericordia

Castigo de Cupido

David con la cabeza de Goliat

Sansón y los filisteos

Martirio de san Pedro

Rapto de Proserpina

San Juan Bautista

Las mujeres en el sepulcro

Marte y Venus

Ecce Homo

Bautizo de los cuatro señores de Tlaxcala

Cristo de la columna (Jesús de la Humildad y la Paciencia)

El Niño Jesús con los símbolos de la pasión

Ángel Zadquiel

Ángel Dominio

Ángel Baraquiel

Arcángel San Miguel

Letiel Dei

Gabriel Dei

Ángel de la Guarda

Nuestra Señora de Pomata

Concierto angélico

Prendimiento de Cristo

Adoración de los Reyes Magos

Moses (Moisés)

The Adoration of the Magi (La Adoración de los Magos)

St. Mary of Egypt (Santa María de Egipto)

The Archangel Barachiel, with Harquebus (El Arcangel Baraquiel con rifle)

Arcángel Uriel, Fuego de Dios

Arcángel Seactiel, Oración de Dios

Arcángel Miguel, Quién como Dios

Arcángel Baraquiel, Bendición de Dios

Sagrada Familia con Santa Isabel y San Juanito

David y Betsabé

Santiago del Mayor

Martirio de San Sebastián

Oración del huerto

San Ignacio curando a los apestados

Virgen de la Soledad

San Mateo

Cristo Yacente

Seactiel (Oración de Dios)

Angel Custodio

Jesús de la Humildad y la Paciencia

La adoración de los pastores

La Inmaculada

La Virgen de la Merced entregando el hábito de la orden a don Manuel Alonso, Duque de Medina Sidonia

La Santa Cena

Calvario

Sagrada Familia

Nativity (Natividad)

Transfixión de Santa Teresa

Santo Tomás de Aquino

La madre Jerónima de la Fuente

San Miguel de los Santos

Arrepentimiento de San Pedro

La Verónica

Cristo (puerta de sagrario)

Concepción y coronación de la Virgen

Inmaculada Concepción

Virgen de Guadalupe

Virgen con el Niño y San Juanito

El taller de Nazareth

San Isidro Labrador

Santo Tomás

San Juan Evangelista

Julián Romero y su santo Patrono

San Francisco sostenido por un ángel

Lucha de San Jorge y el dragón

San Sebastián

Piernas de San Sebastián

San Francisco confortado por un ángel músico

Santa Margarita resucita a un joven

Desposorios místicos de Santa Catalina

El Apóstol Santiago El Mayor

San Pedro liberado por un ángel

La curación de Tobías

La Inmaculada Concepción

San Juan Evangelista

San Pablo

San Pedro y San Pablo

Virgen Inmaculada con San Francisco y San Antonio

Santa Ursula y las once mil Vírgenes

Los milagros de san Ignacio de Loyola

San Pedro liberado de la cárcel

Sagrada Familia con santa Isabel, san Juanito y un ángel

Santo Tomás de Aquino fulminando al demonio con su pluma

Virgen de Chiquinquirá con el Niño con San Antonio y San Andrés

St. Joseph and the Infant Jesus (San José y el Niño Jesús)

Virgen de Chiquinquirá con el Niño, San Antonio y San Andrés

St. Francis of Assisi (San Francisco de Asís)

St. Nicholas of Bari (San Nicolás de Bari)

San Bartolomé

San Jose y el Niño

San Ignacio en la carcel en Alcala de Henares

Las Lagrimas de San Pedro

San Buenaventura

Jesus crucificado con la Virgen Maria y San Juan

Cabeza de Pablo

La Visión de San Ignacio en el camino de Roma

San Ignacio recibe en la compañia a San Francisco Javier

San Ignacio despide a San Francisco de Javier

La muerte de San Ignacio

San Pedro

San Mateo

San Pablo

San Judas Tadeo

San Felipe

Santo Tomas

San Andrés

Santa Casilda

Cristo de Los Temblores

The Decent from the Cross (el descendimiento de la cruz)

Los Desposorios de la Virgen

Adoración de los pastores

San Pedro Nolasco asistido por dos ángeles

San Bartolomé

San Fausto Labrador

San Juan Evangelista

San Ignacio de Loyola

Busto de Santa

El abrazo de Santo Domingo y San Francisco

San Agustín

San Andrés

San Francisco de Borja

San Pedro

San Pedro Nolasco

Santo en oración. San Pedro

Un Santo. San Zacarías

Verdugo con la cabeza de san Juan Bautista

Santa Catalina

San Jerónimo

Santa en éxtasis

El martirio de Santa Catalina de Alejandría

Los desposorios místicos de Santa Catalina

San Francisco y el lego

El apóstol San Mateo

San Francisco de Asís

San Pablo

San Pedro

San Sebastián curando por las Santas Mujeres

St. Francis and Brother Leo Meditating on Death (San Francisco y hermano Leo meditando sobre la muerte)

The Penitent St. Jerome in his study (El penitente, San Jérome en su cuarto de estudio)

San Francisco en oración

San Diego de Alcalá

Vestición de san Guillermo de Aquitania

Predicación de San Juan Bautista

San Agustín entre Cristo y la Virgen

La Sagrada Familia con Santa Ana y San Juanito

San Pedro Nolasco despidiéndose de Jaime I el Conquistador

Crucifixión de San Pedro

Sagrada Familia con Santa Ana

San Joaquín y Santa Ana contemplando a la Virgen con el Niño

El tránsito de San Isodoro

El martirio de San Andrés

Santa Ana enseñando a leer a la Virgen

Martirio de San Ramón Nonato

Resurrección de Santa Leocadia

Martirio de Santa Úrsula y las once mil vírgenes

La apoteosis de San Hermenegildo

El éxtasis de San Francisco Javier

San Pedro liberado por el ángel (La liberación de San Pedro)

San Jerónimo penitente

Crucifixión de San Pedro

San Cristóbal

Los desposorios místicos de Santa Catalina

Santa Catalina de Alejandría en prisión

San Pedro penitente

Las Lágrimas de San Pedro

San Pedro y San Fransisco

San Sebastián

Martirio de San Bartolomé

San Francisco de Asís penitente

San Pedro penitente

San Juan Bautista en el desierto

San Francisco de Borja

San Juan Evangelista en la isla de Patmos

San Julián de Cuenca

San Agustín

San Felipe Neri

San Jerónimo

Cabeza del Bautista

Desposorios de Santa Catalina

Saint Francis Embracing the Crucified (San Francisco abrazando a Cristo Crucificado)

The stigmatization of Saint Francis (la estigmatización de San Francisco)

Santa Humbelina

the vision of Saint John (la visión de San José)

Estigmatización de San Francisco de Asís

Saint Jerome as Scholar (San Jeronimo como cardenal)

Saint James (Santiago el mayor) (San Jaime)

The stigmatization of Saint Francis (la estigmatización de San Francisco)

The Visión of Saint Francis of Assisi (La Visión de San Francisco de Asís)

The Ecstasy of Saint Francis of Assisi: The Vision of the Musical Angels (éxtasis de San Francisco de Asís: La Visión de los ángeles músicos)

Martirio de San Lorenzo

San Lorenzo

Santa Catarina salvada del Martirio por un Angel

Santo Tomás de Aquino

San Juan de Dios

San Pedro

Martirio de Santiago el Menor

San José con el Niño Jesús

San Gabriel Arcángel

San José

La estigmatización de San Francisco

La asunción de la Virgen

Las tentaciones de San Antonio

San Juan Bautista

San Pedro

Cristo con San Pedro, Santiago y San Juan

San Ambrosio

San Pedro

La Sagrada Familia

La Sagrada Familia y santa Catalina,

San Carlos Borromeo ante Cristo muerto

Descanso en la Huida a Egipto

Copia de San Jerónimo de Ribera del Museo Nacional de Arte Antiga de Lisboa

Santa Teresa.

Autorretrato de pintor / San Cosme

Copia de San Esteban de José de Ribera del Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes de La Valletta

San Pedro liberado por un ángel

San Jerónimo y un rabino

Paisaje con San Juan Bautista niño dormido

Aparición de la Virgen a San Jacinto de Polonia

Cabeza de San Juan Bautista

Santa Edith

Santa Helena

Santa Walburga

Sagrada Parentela (Alegoría de la Inmaculada)

La Virgen con el Niño y Santos, y el Canónigo Bartolomé Cairasco

Santiago en la batalla de Clavijo

Visión de San Bernardo o Lactación de San Bernardo

El Martirio de San Serapio

San Ignacio de Loyola ante la Inmaculada y la Trinidad

Tránsito de San Isidoro

Anunciación de la Virgen y Encarnación del Verbo

Presentación de la Virgen en el Templo

Jesús camino del Calvario

Santa Ana enseñando a leer a la Virgen

San José con el Niño

La Dolorosa

San Juan Evangelista

San Juan Evangelista en la Isla de Patmos

San Pedro Nolasco

Aparición de la Virgen a san Simón de Rojas

Santo Domingo de Guzmán

San Agustín

San Juan Bautista

San Ambrosio

San Pedro Nolasco

El Salvador

Copia o imitación de San Francisco meditando de rodillas de El Greco

San Ambrosio

Copia de San Francisco en extasis de El Greco.

Noli me Tangere

Estigmatización de San Francisco

Virgen con el Niñ0 y san Juanito

Santos Mártires en gloria

San Francisco de Asís en éxtasis

La Virgen de los Carmelitas de Malinas

San José con el Niño

San Bartolomé

Santa Bárbara

El Niño Jesús apareciéndose a San Antonio de Padua

San Pedro

San Mateo y el ángel

La vocación de san Mateo

El martiro de san Mateo

El martirio de san Pedro

La conversión de San Pablo

Santa Cecilia y el ángel

La Vocación de san Mateo

San Juan de la Cruz

Santa Teresa de Jesús

Paisaje con san Jerónimo

Apostle St Peter

Apostle St Andrew

Apostle St John the Evangelist

Apostle St Philip

Apostle St Bartholomew

Apostle St Matthew

Apostle St Thomas

Apostle St James the Less

Apostle St Thaddeus (Jude)

Apostle St Simon

Apostle St Paul

Cristo como Salvador (Christ as Saviour)

San Francisco en éxtasis

San José con el Niño

Santa Maria Egipciaca

Tránsito de San Hermenegildo

San Agustín

San Simón

San Francisco y el hermano León sobre la muerte

San Francisco

Santo Domingo

San Lucas y San Marcos

San Juan y San Mateo

Conversión de San Pablo

San Antonio Abad

El martirio de San Ramón Nonato

El Martirio de San Lorenzo

El martirio de Santa Catalina

El Martirio de Santa Ursula y las once mil vírgenes

El triunfo de San Gregorio

Santo Tomás de Villanueva

San Pedro Nolasco embarca para redimir cautivos

Aparación de la Virgen a San Ramón Nonnato

Sagrada Familia con San Joaquín y Santa Ana

Sagrada Familia

San Juan de la Cruz, destinado a las Indias

Santo Tomás

San Felipe

San Pablo

Vocación de San Pedro y San Andrés

Los santos Juanes

Sueño de la madre de San Eloy

San Francisco en oración.

Tránsito de san José

San Benito

Santa Escolástica

San Benito Abad

San Pedro

Santa Isabel Reina de Portugal

San Matías

San Bartolomé

San Pedro

San Simón

Los desposorios místicos de Santa Catalina

Predicación de San Andrés

San Juan Evangelista

San Juan Batista

San Roque

San Sebastián

San Fransisco de Asis

La santa cena

Retablo del Calvario

San Luis Rey de Francia

San Jerónimo

San Francisco de Asis

Bodegón de caza y frutas

Bodegón

Florero

Naturaleza muerta

Cisne sobre alfombra

Bodegón

Florero

Bodegón con objetos de orfebrería

Bodegón de caza, hortalizas y frutas

Bodegón de hortalizas

Bodegón de frutas

Bodegón

Still life with Fruit and Vegetables (Bodegón de frutas y hortalizas)

Bodegón de frutas

Bodegón

Bodegón con cisne

Bodegón con cajitas de dulces

Naturaleza muerta con volatería

Cestas de ciruelas e higos y un melón sobre una repisa con pimientos, uvas y membrillos colgados

Naturaleza Muerta

Florero

Bodegón de hortalizas y frutas

Bodegón de cocina

Florero y frutero

Plate of pears (Plato de peras)

Still life with Game Fowl (Bodegón de juego de aves)

Bodegón

Bodegón de frutas y caza

Bodegón de manzanas

Bodegón

Bodegón de cocina con frutas y vegetales y mujer

Gallo

Bodegón

Still life with Quince, Cabbage, Melon, and Cucumber (Bodegón de Membrillo, repollo, Melón, pepino)

Still life with sweets (Bodegón con dulces)

Still life (Plate with Bacon, Bread and Wine (Bodegón con tocino, pan y vino)

Still life with Sweets (Bodegón con dulces)

Bodegón de frutas

Una Perdiz

Frutero

Frutero y cestillos

Frutero y dulces

Bodegón

Jacob Conjuring Laban's Sheep (Jacobo apareciendo con las ovejas de Laban)

Retrato del Barón de Dietrichstein

Luis de Velasco

Retrato del archiduque Rodolfo de Austria

Hernán Cortés

Diego Vargas Calderón

Retrato de la Condesa de Goldstein

Pedro Sebastián de Bolívar y Mena

Princesa Margarita Gonzaga

García de Carbajal

Juan González

Juan Bautista de Urquiola y Elorriaga

Retrato de la baronesa de Dietrichstein

Andrés de Carbajal y Tapia

Un matemático

Pedro de Barrientos Lomelín

Bartolomé Pérez de la Canal

Diego Carrillo Mendoza Pimentel

Rodrigo Pacheco y Osorio

Alonso de la Veracruz

Juan Bohorques Ramírez

Retrato de Infanta

Diego Fernández de Córdoba

Dama de la época de Felipe III

Gerónimo de Cárcamo

Hernán Cortés

Juan Cano

Bartolomé González Soltero, fray

Retrato del archiduque Ernesto de Austria

Retrato ecuestre de Pedro Antonio Fernández de Castro (X Conde de Lemos, Virrey del Perú)

Juan de Aguirre

Juan de Mendoza y Luna

Gregorio López

Limpiadora de Cobre

Pedro Cristóbal Plancarte

Retrato de Dama

Francisco López de Solís

Miguel de Poblete

Juan de Cervantes

Diego de Contreras

Bartolomé de Ledesma

Gregorio López y Francisco de Losa

Bernardino de Sahagún

Nicolás de la Torre

Francisco de Armentia

Gil y Paulucio de la Trinidad

Juan González

Juan Millá de Poblete

Luis de Sifuentes

Juan Díez de Arce

Pedro Gutiérrez de Pisa

Ildefonso Muñoz

Francisco de Siles

Isidro Sariñana y Cuenca

Manuel Fernández de Santa Cruz y Sahagún

Francisco Rodríguez Santos

Alonso Enríquez de Toledo y Armendaris

Francisco de Contreras Ramírez y Zepeda

García Guerra, fray

Pedro de Gante

Juan González

García Guerra

Juan de Palafox y Mendoza

Juan Díaz Arce

La cabeza del Virgen María (Head of the Virgin Mary)

Santa Clara con Sor ? o Santa? Juana de la Cruz y Madre Luisa Carriona

Francisco Naranjo

Rodrigo Maldonado

Nicolás del Puerto y Salgado

Santa Clara

San Jerónimo

Santo Tomás de Villanueva (copia de Murillo)

Martirio de San Bartolomé

San Jerónimo

Magdalena Penitence

San Diego de Álcala

San Juan Evangelista

San Joaquín

Santo Tomás de Aquino

Vicente de San José, fray

Inmaculada Carmelita con San Francisco y Santa Clara

San Francisco recibiendo los Estigmas

Virgen con el Niño entre San Francisco y Santa Clara

San Eliseo

San José

San Pedro

San Juan Evangelista y la visión de la mujer del Apocalipsis

Anunciación a san José

Aparición de la Virgen a san Ignacio de Loyola

Concebida

Liberación de san Pedro

Meditaciones de san ignacio sobre el infierno

San Ignacio de Loyola

Santiago el Mayor

Santo Tomás Apóstol

Virgen con el Niño y San Bruno

Santa Clara Fundadora

Transverberación con asistencia de los dos Trinidades y Santos

San Elías

San Simón

San Ambrosio

San Andrés Apóstol

San Francisco de san Miguel

San Ignacio de Loyola

San Jerònimo

San Juan Bautista decapitado

San Nicolás de Tolentino

San Pedro

San Francisco

Cristo de la Pasión con San Francisco

San Pablo

Santa Teresa herida con la flecha del Divino Amor

María Magdalena

San Agustín

San Ambrosio

San Jerónimo

Santa Ana

Martirio de una Santa

La muerte de san Fransisco Javier (Xavier)

Los Santos Ermitaños Pablo y Antonio en el Desierto

Sta. Catalina de Alejandría discutiendo con los sabios

El martirio de san Aproniano

San Francisco de Borja

San Ignacio escribe las Constituciones en la cueva de Manresa

San Francisco en Extasis

Santa Teresa

San Francisco

Santa Bárbara

Santa Catalina de Alejandria

Visita de santo Domingo de Siles a santo Domingo de la Calzada

Apostolado

San Juan Bautista

Santa Lucía

Santo Niño de la Guardia

Transverberación de santa Teresa

San Francisco Javier

Santa Ana

San Antonio de Padua

San Pablo

Santiago el Menor

San Nicolás Obispo de Mira

La Virgen con el Niño, San Francisco y Santa Clara

San Mateo

Santiago Apóstol

San Bartolomé

Santa Justa

Santa Clara

San Agustín

San Francisco

Imposicion de la casulla a San Ildefonso, con donantes

La Sagrada Familia

ALA

BADO

SEA

ELSMOS

SACRA

MENTO

San Yldefonso

Virgen del Rosario con Santo Domingo y San Francisco

San Vicente Ferrer

Meditaciones de san Ignacio sobre el infierno

San Ignacio escribe las Constituciones en la cueva de Manresa

Ángel virtud

Santo Tomás y el obispo Faustino de Padua

San Ambrosio

Arcángel San Miguel

Jesús en casa de la Magadalena- Cristo en casa de Marta y María

Santo Domingo predica el rosario

Ángel Virtud

Arcángel San Rafael

Aspiel Apetus Dei (Arcángel Arcabucero)

Ángel de la Guarda

Ángel de la pasión con escalera

Arcángel San Miguel