Authors:
Norris Lee Smith
1
and
Oussama H. Hamid
2
Affiliations:
1
School of Social Sciences and University of Kurdistan Hewlêr, Iraq
;
2
University of Kurdistan Hewlêr, Iraq
Keyword(s):
Human-Machine Coexistence, War Robots, Artificial Intelligence, Human Intelligence, Phenomenology, Embodiment, Psychology of Perception, Metaphoric Language.
Abstract:
In applications of soft computing, one question raised is the extent to which artificial intelligence (AI) and human intelligence (HI) share similar quantitative or qualitative properties or both. Recently, we have argued that phenomenology emphasizes first-person experience as one of the central differences between AI and HI. Presently, we expand this argument to include perception, embodiment, metaphors and ethics. For experience to occur, the experiencing entity needs a body, which contributes to the development of the first-person perspective. The work of Gibson and Merleau-Ponty supports this view by providing alternatives to information processing and behavioral models in the study of perception. Similarly, Lakoff’s central metaphors are compelling in the field of linguistics. In case of AI, however, embodiment seems not to be apparent. As a result, AI has difficulty understanding natural language because perception and many metaphors are expressed and learned in terms of the b
ody. The implication is AI can thrive as long as long as there is HI, which corroborates our view of human-machine coexistence. Furthermore, and not necessarily paradoxical, the humanistic endeavor of ethics may be more suitable for AI in the case of war robots that successfully adhere to universal laws. The integration of AI and HI is accomplished by having humans as the source for first-person experiences, whereas machines are the extended minds of humans.
(More)