Authors:
Jihen Fourati
1
;
Brahim Issaoui
2
and
Kamel Zidi
3
Affiliations:
1
Faculty of Science Gafsa, Tunisia
;
2
University of Manouba, National School of Computer Sciences and Laboratoire Complex Outstanding Systems Modeling Optimization and Supervision (COSMOS) Research unit Systems for Smart Optimization and Intelligent Engineering (SSOIE), Tunisia
;
3
Laboratoire Complex Outstanding Systems Modeling Optimization and Supervision (COSMOS) Research unit Systems for Smart Optimization and Intelligent Engineering (SSOIE) and University of Tabuk, Tunisia
Keyword(s):
Crowd Management, Pilgrimage, Congestion Control, Hajj.
Related
Ontology
Subjects/Areas/Topics:
Artificial Intelligence
;
Formal Methods
;
Industrial Engineering
;
Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics
;
Intelligent Control Systems and Optimization
;
Modeling, Simulation and Architectures
;
Optimization Algorithms
;
Planning and Scheduling
;
Quality Control and Management
;
Resources and Knowledge Management in Industry
;
Robotics and Automation
;
Simulation and Modeling
;
Software Agents for Intelligent Control Systems
;
Symbolic Systems
;
Systems Modeling and Simulation
Abstract:
Pilgrimage is one of the five pillars of Islam, which is a duty every Muslim should perform once during his lifetime. Over than two millions Muslims from all the world gather in Makkah for one of the world's largest pilgrimages. All those pilgrims are obligated to be accommodated at Hajj ritual sites, which are the Kaaba, Mina, Arafat and Muzdalifah. With this huge number of pilgrims in the holy city, managing the crowd is a complicated task, especially in the geographical area for the movement of pilgrims, the fixed underlying road-network infrastructure between the different worship places, the annually increasing number of pilgrims and also the short duration of Hajj. As a result of this, huge crowd and difficulties in control have led to fatal accidents among the pilgrims. By the last decade, overcrowding management became a big challenge for the Saudi Arabian authorities and Hajj organizers. Scientists have started research projects to provide several methodologies for crowd mon
itoring and estimation of its density. In this work, we tried to present a literature review about the Hajj in order to help scientists for future contribution and have lots information about this new field of research.
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