IDENTIFYING DIAGNOSTIC EXPERTS - Measuring the Antecedents to Pattern Recognition

Thomas Loveday, Mark Wiggins, Marino Festa, David Schell

2012

Abstract

Medical expertise is typically denoted on the basis of experience, but this approach appears to lack validity and reliability. The present study investigated an innovative assessment of diagnostic expertise in medicine. This approach was developed from evidence that expert performance develops following the acquisition of cue associations in memory, which facilitates diagnostic pattern-recognition. Four distinct tasks were developed, for which the judicious extraction and selection of environmental cues may be advantageous. Across the tasks, performance clustered into two levels, reflecting competent and expert performance. These clusters were only weakly correlated with traditional methods of identifying domain experts, such as years of experience. The significance of this outcome is discussed in relation to training, evaluation and assessment.

References

  1. Blignaut, C. J. (1979). The perception of hazard: I. Hazard analysis and the contribution of visual search to hazard perception. Ergonomics, 22, 991 - 999.
  2. Coderre, S., Mandin, H., Harasym, P. H., & Fick, G. H. (2003). Diagnostic reasoning strategies and diagnostic success. Medical Education, 37, 695 - 703.
  3. Croskerry, P. (2009). A universal model of diagnostic reasoning. Academic Medicine, 84(8), 1022 - 1028.
  4. Gray, R. (2004). Attending to the execution of a complex sensorimotor skill: Expertise, differences, choking, and slumps. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 10, 42 - 54.
  5. Groves, M., O'Rourke, P., & Alexander, H. (2003). The clinical reasoning characteristics of diagnostic experts. Medical Teacher, 25, 308 - 313.
  6. Jones, M. A. (1992). Clinical reasoning in manual therapy. Physical therapy, 72, 875 - 884.
  7. Lipshitz, R., Klein, G., Orasanu, J., & Salas, E. (2001). Taking stock of naturalistic decision making. Journal of behavioural decision making. Journal of behavioural decision making, 14, 331 - 352.
  8. Morrison, B. W., Wiggins, M. W., Bond, N. W., & Tyler, M. D. (2009). Examining cue recognition across expertise using a computer-based task. Paper presented at the NDM9, the 9th International Conference on Naturalistic Decision Making, London.
  9. Norman, G. R., Young, M., & Brooks, L. (2007). Nonanalytical models of clinical reasoning: the role of experience. Medical education, 41(12), 1140 - 1145.
  10. O'Hare, D., Mullen, N., Wiggins, M., & Molesworth, B. (2008). Finding the Right Case: The Role of Predictive Features in Memory for Aviation Accidents. Applied cognitive psychology, 22, 1163 - 1180.
  11. Rasmussen, J. (1983). Skills, rules, and knowledge: signals, signs, and symbols, and other distinctions in human performance models. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, SMC-13, 257-266.
  12. Ratcliff, R., & McKoon, G. (1995). Sequential effects in lexical decision: Tests of compound cue retrieval theory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21, 1380 - 1388.
  13. Schimdt, H. G., & Boshuizen, H. P. A. (1993). Acquiring expertise in medicine. Educational psychology review, 3, 205 - 221.
  14. Schriver, A. T., Morrow, D. G., Wickens, C. D., & Talleur, D. A. (2008). Expertise Differences in Attentional Strategies Related to Pilot Decision Making. [Article]. Human Factors, 50(6), 864-878.
  15. Simon, H. A., & Chase, W. G. (1973). Skill in chess. American scientist, 61, 394 - 403.
  16. Sweller, J. (1988). Cognitive Load During Problem Solving: Effects on Learning Cognitive science, 12, 257 - 285.
  17. Wallis, T. S. A., & Horswill, M. S. (2007). Using fuzzy signal detection theory to determine why experienced and trained drivers respond faster than novices in a hazard perception test. Accident analysis and prevention, 39, 1177 - 1185.
  18. Weiss, D. J., & Shanteau, J. (2003). Empirical Assessment of Expertise. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 45, 104 - 114.
  19. Weiss, D. J., & Shanteau, J. (2003). Empirical assessment of expertise. Human Factors, 45, 104 - 114.
  20. Wiggins, M. (2006). Cue-based processing and human performance. In W. Karwowski (Ed.), Encyclopaedia of ergonomics and human factors (pp. 641 - 645). London: Taylor & Francis.
  21. Wiggins, M., & O'Hare, D. (1995). Expertise in Aeronautical Weather-Related Decision Making: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of General Aviation Pilots. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 1(305 - 320).
  22. Wiggins, M., & O'Hare, D. (2003). Weatherwise: an evaluation of a cue-based training approach for the recognition of deteriorating weather conditions during flight. Human Factors, 45, 337 - 345.
  23. Wiggins, M., Stevens, C., Howard, A., Henley, I., & O'Hare, D. (2002). Expert, intermediate and novice performance during simulated pre-flight decisionmaking. Australian Journal of Psychology, 54, 162 - 167.
Download


Paper Citation


in Harvard Style

Loveday T., Wiggins M., Festa M. and Schell D. (2012). IDENTIFYING DIAGNOSTIC EXPERTS - Measuring the Antecedents to Pattern Recognition . In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Pattern Recognition Applications and Methods - Volume 2: ICPRAM, ISBN 978-989-8425-99-7, pages 269-274. DOI: 10.5220/0003705902690274


in Bibtex Style

@conference{icpram12,
author={Thomas Loveday and Mark Wiggins and Marino Festa and David Schell},
title={IDENTIFYING DIAGNOSTIC EXPERTS - Measuring the Antecedents to Pattern Recognition},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Pattern Recognition Applications and Methods - Volume 2: ICPRAM,},
year={2012},
pages={269-274},
publisher={SciTePress},
organization={INSTICC},
doi={10.5220/0003705902690274},
isbn={978-989-8425-99-7},
}


in EndNote Style

TY - CONF
JO - Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Pattern Recognition Applications and Methods - Volume 2: ICPRAM,
TI - IDENTIFYING DIAGNOSTIC EXPERTS - Measuring the Antecedents to Pattern Recognition
SN - 978-989-8425-99-7
AU - Loveday T.
AU - Wiggins M.
AU - Festa M.
AU - Schell D.
PY - 2012
SP - 269
EP - 274
DO - 10.5220/0003705902690274